过量成分

Michael Yoshitaka Erlewine, Anne Nguyen
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引用次数: 0

摘要

我们描述了越南语词素 quá 在过度结构中的各种用法。我们认为,这两种不同的用法以完全不同的方式表达了过度:前谓语 quá 编码以目的为导向的过度真实条件,而后谓语 quá 则是一个比较词,投射了一个无关紧要的恶意推理。通过与现代汉语中的同源结构进行比较,我们认为这两种结构可以追溯到中古汉语中的前谓词和后谓词 "过kua"。我们还描述了 "quá "的另外两种用法,即作为带有说话人承诺的加强语气词和作为感叹词标记,并解释了它们是如何从过度词发展而来的。因此,本研究以语言历史和语义变化原则为基础,解释了这一多功能表达法的各种用法及其之间的关系。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Ingredients of excess
We describe the various uses of the Vietnamese morpheme quá which appears in excessive constructions. Unlike most other degree morphemes in Vietnamese, quá can precede or follow its gradable predicate, and we argue that these two different uses convey excess in very different ways: pre-predicate quá encodes purpose-oriented excessive truth conditions, whereas post-predicate quá is a comparative which projects a not-at-issue malefactive inference. We propose that the two constructions trace back to pre- and post-predicate 過kua` in Middle Chinese, motivated by comparisons with cognate constructions in contemporary Chinese languages. We also describe two other uses of quá, as an intensifier with speaker commitment and as an exclamative marker, and explain how they developed from the excessives. This study thus offers an explanatory account of the various uses of this multifunctional expression and the relationships between them, grounded in the history of the language and in principles of semantic change.
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