裂谷和羽流:根据地球物理数据综合讨论非洲-阿拉伯裂谷的主动和被动裂谷机制

IF 3.2 2区 地球科学 Q1 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS
Solid Earth Pub Date : 2024-07-09 DOI:10.5194/se-15-807-2024
Ran Issachar, Peter Haas, Nico Augustin, Jörg Ebbing
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引用次数: 0

摘要

摘要地幔羽流的活动与大陆断裂之间的因果关系仍然难以捉摸。非洲-阿拉伯裂谷系统为研究这些关系提供了一个机会,在该裂谷系统中,正在发生的大陆断裂与新生代与地幔有关的大型洪积玄武岩系列相交。在阿法尔地区,亚丁湾、红海和埃塞俄比亚主裂谷在与羽状玄武岩相关的洪积玄武岩系列中形成了 R-R-R 三重交界。我们对该地区现有的地球物理和地质数据进行了最新综合。我们将高斯差法应用于地形和水深测量,并解释垂直重力梯度和布格尔异常,从而绘制出交汇区域的裂谷结构图。借助这些方法,我们回顾了羽状裂谷系统不同特征演变的时空制约因素。我们的研究结果表明,亚丁湾和红海臂的形态粗糙而不规则,与之形成鲜明对比的是对称、连续和光滑的埃塞俄比亚主裂谷。埃塞俄比亚主裂谷向东北方向延伸形成了三重交界处,与此同时,红海和亚丁湾之间通过曼德海峡的构造联系也被放弃。三重交界处是羽状裂谷系统发展的最后一个特征,标志着构造重组。此时,所有裂臂都已充分演化,非洲和阿拉伯之间的断裂已经完成。我们认为,经典的主动和被动断裂机制不能简单地解释非洲-阿拉伯断裂的逐步发展。取而代之的是,我们提出了一种由羽状构造引起的板块旋转,其中包括主动和被动机制之间的相互作用。在这种构造假设中,阿法尔羽流的到来提供了一种推动力,促进了阿拉伯围绕位于板块边界西北部的一个附近极点的旋转,从而实现了断裂,并最终使阿拉伯从非洲分裂出去。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Rift and plume: a discussion on active and passive rifting mechanisms in the Afro-Arabian rift based on synthesis of geophysical data
Abstract. The causal relationship between the activity of mantle plumes and continental break-up is still elusive. The Afro-Arabian rift system offers an opportunity to examine these relationships, in which an ongoing continental break-up intersects a large Cenozoic plume-related flood basalt series. In the Afar region, the Gulf of Aden, the Red Sea, and the Main Ethiopian Rift form an R-R-R triple junction within plume-related flood basalt series. We provide an up-to-date synthesis of the available geophysical and geological data from this region. We map the rift architecture in the intersection region by applying the difference in Gaussians to the topography and the bathymetry and interpreting vertical gravity gradients and Bouguer anomalies. With the aid of these methods we review the spatiotemporal constraints in the evolution of the different features of the plume–rift system. Our results show rough and irregular morphologies of the Gulf of Aden and the Red Sea arms in contrast to the symmetric, continuous, and smooth Main Ethiopian Rift. The triple junction formed by the northeastward propagation of the Main Ethiopian Rift and developed simultaneously with the abandonment of the tectonic connection between the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden through Bab al Mandab Strait. The triple junction was the last feature to develop in the plume–rift system and marked a tectonic reorganization. By this time, all rift arms were sufficiently evolved and the break-up between Africa and Arabia was already accomplished. We argue that the classical active and passive rifting mechanisms cannot simply explain the progressive development of the Afro-Arabian rift. Instead, we propose a plume-induced plate rotation, which includes an interaction between active and passive mechanisms. In this tectonic scenario, the arrival of the Afar plume provided a push force that promoted the rotation of Arabia around a nearby pole located to the northwest of the plate boundary, enabling the rifting and, ultimately, the break-up of Arabia from Africa.
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来源期刊
Solid Earth
Solid Earth GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS-
CiteScore
6.90
自引率
8.80%
发文量
78
审稿时长
4.5 months
期刊介绍: Solid Earth (SE) is a not-for-profit journal that publishes multidisciplinary research on the composition, structure, dynamics of the Earth from the surface to the deep interior at all spatial and temporal scales. The journal invites contributions encompassing observational, experimental, and theoretical investigations in the form of short communications, research articles, method articles, review articles, and discussion and commentaries on all aspects of the solid Earth (for details see manuscript types). Being interdisciplinary in scope, SE covers the following disciplines: geochemistry, mineralogy, petrology, volcanology; geodesy and gravity; geodynamics: numerical and analogue modeling of geoprocesses; geoelectrics and electromagnetics; geomagnetism; geomorphology, morphotectonics, and paleoseismology; rock physics; seismics and seismology; critical zone science (Earth''s permeable near-surface layer); stratigraphy, sedimentology, and palaeontology; rock deformation, structural geology, and tectonics.
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