厘清长颈鹿元齿的形态变异:现代和传统方法

IF 1.9 3区 生物学 Q3 EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY
Roberta Martino, Panagiotis D. Sianis, Darío Estraviz-López, Filippo Maria Rotarori, Simone Conti, Maria Ríos
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引用次数: 0

摘要

现代长颈鹿的种类很少,但在新近纪,该科的种类却相当丰富。长颈鹿的几个分支在元趾骨形状上表现出很大的形态差异。在过去几年中,关注这一问题的学者并不多。此外,现代统计方法也完全被忽视。在此,我们首次尝试采用大量系统发育比较方法和多元统计方法来填补这一知识空白。也就是说,我们对现存和化石长颈鹿物种的共 207 个元趾标本进行了一系列传统和几何形态分析。我们的结果确认了四个不同的集群,它们被归入不同的形态空间。此外,与整体均匀分布相比,其中两个集群明显离群。这两个离群集群包括在 Sivatherium 中观察到的短而粗壮的元齿,以及分别在长颈鹿和 Bohlinia 中观察到的细长元齿。此外,还发现了现代霍加皮亚目与已灭绝的 Decennatherium 属之间的相似性。这项研究探讨了长颈鹿科不同成员的形态适应与生态作用之间的关系。研究还深入探讨了不同的环境因素可能如何影响长颈鹿科动物的进化及其成员对不同环境的适应。此外,还简要讨论和研究了长颈鹿科中最特化的类群的运动适应性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Disentangling morphological variation in metapodials of giraffids: Modern and traditional approaches

Disentangling morphological variation in metapodials of giraffids: Modern and traditional approaches

Modern giraffids are nowadays represented by few species; however, this family was quite diverse during the Neogene. Several lineages radiated, showing high morphological disparity in metapodial shapes. During the last few years, not many scholars have focused on this subject. Furthermore, modern statistical approaches have been totally neglected. Herein, we present the first attempt to fill this gap of knowledge adopting a plethora of phylogenetic comparative approaches alongside multivariate statistics. Namely, we performed a series of traditional and geometric morphometric analyses for a total of 207 metapodial specimens of extant and fossil giraffid species. Our results recognized four different clusters, grouped in different morphospaces. Moreover, two of these clusters are clearly outliers in respect to an overall homogeneous distribution. The two outlying clusters include short and robust metapodials observed in Sivatherium, and long and slender metapodials observed in Giraffa and Bohlinia, respectively. Similarities between the modern Okapia and the extinct genus Decennatherium were also detected. This study explores the relations between the morphological adaptations and the ecological roles of different members of the Giraffidae. It also provides insights into how different environmental factors might have influenced the evolution of this group and the adaptation of their members to diverse environments. Furthermore, locomotory adaptations of the most hyper-specialized Giraffidae groups are briefly discussed and investigated.

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来源期刊
Organisms Diversity & Evolution
Organisms Diversity & Evolution 生物-进化生物学
CiteScore
3.60
自引率
0.00%
发文量
56
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Organisms Diversity & Evolution (published by the Gesellschaft fuer Biologische Systematik, GfBS) is devoted to furthering our understanding of all aspects of organismal diversity and evolution. Papers addressing evolutionary aspects of the systematics, phylogenetics, morphology and development, taxonomy and biogeography of any group of eukaryotes, recent or fossil, are welcome. Priority is given to papers with a strong evolutionary and/or phylogenetic focus. Manuscripts presenting important methods or tools or addressing key theoretical, methodological, and philosophical principles related to the study of organismal diversity are also welcome. Species descriptions are welcome as parts of a manuscript of broader interest that strive to integrate such taxonomic information with the other areas of interest mentioned above.
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