Roberta Martino, Panagiotis D. Sianis, Darío Estraviz-López, Filippo Maria Rotarori, Simone Conti, Maria Ríos
{"title":"厘清长颈鹿元齿的形态变异:现代和传统方法","authors":"Roberta Martino, Panagiotis D. Sianis, Darío Estraviz-López, Filippo Maria Rotarori, Simone Conti, Maria Ríos","doi":"10.1007/s13127-024-00647-w","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>Modern giraffids are nowadays represented by few species; however, this family was quite diverse during the Neogene. Several lineages radiated, showing high morphological disparity in metapodial shapes. During the last few years, not many scholars have focused on this subject. Furthermore, modern statistical approaches have been totally neglected. Herein, we present the first attempt to fill this gap of knowledge adopting a plethora of phylogenetic comparative approaches alongside multivariate statistics. Namely, we performed a series of traditional and geometric morphometric analyses for a total of 207 metapodial specimens of extant and fossil giraffid species. Our results recognized four different clusters, grouped in different morphospaces. Moreover, two of these clusters are clearly outliers in respect to an overall homogeneous distribution. The two outlying clusters include short and robust metapodials observed in <i>Sivatherium</i>, and long and slender metapodials observed in <i>Giraffa</i> and <i>Bohlinia</i>, respectively. Similarities between the modern <i>Okapia</i> and the extinct genus <i>Decennatherium</i> were also detected. This study explores the relations between the morphological adaptations and the ecological roles of different members of the Giraffidae. It also provides insights into how different environmental factors might have influenced the evolution of this group and the adaptation of their members to diverse environments. Furthermore, locomotory adaptations of the most hyper-specialized Giraffidae groups are briefly discussed and investigated.</p>","PeriodicalId":1,"journal":{"name":"Accounts of Chemical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":16.4000,"publicationDate":"2024-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Disentangling morphological variation in metapodials of giraffids: Modern and traditional approaches\",\"authors\":\"Roberta Martino, Panagiotis D. Sianis, Darío Estraviz-López, Filippo Maria Rotarori, Simone Conti, Maria Ríos\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/s13127-024-00647-w\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p>Modern giraffids are nowadays represented by few species; however, this family was quite diverse during the Neogene. Several lineages radiated, showing high morphological disparity in metapodial shapes. During the last few years, not many scholars have focused on this subject. Furthermore, modern statistical approaches have been totally neglected. Herein, we present the first attempt to fill this gap of knowledge adopting a plethora of phylogenetic comparative approaches alongside multivariate statistics. Namely, we performed a series of traditional and geometric morphometric analyses for a total of 207 metapodial specimens of extant and fossil giraffid species. Our results recognized four different clusters, grouped in different morphospaces. Moreover, two of these clusters are clearly outliers in respect to an overall homogeneous distribution. The two outlying clusters include short and robust metapodials observed in <i>Sivatherium</i>, and long and slender metapodials observed in <i>Giraffa</i> and <i>Bohlinia</i>, respectively. Similarities between the modern <i>Okapia</i> and the extinct genus <i>Decennatherium</i> were also detected. This study explores the relations between the morphological adaptations and the ecological roles of different members of the Giraffidae. It also provides insights into how different environmental factors might have influenced the evolution of this group and the adaptation of their members to diverse environments. Furthermore, locomotory adaptations of the most hyper-specialized Giraffidae groups are briefly discussed and investigated.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":1,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Accounts of Chemical Research\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":16.4000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-06-17\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Accounts of Chemical Research\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"99\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-024-00647-w\",\"RegionNum\":1,\"RegionCategory\":\"化学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Accounts of Chemical Research","FirstCategoryId":"99","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-024-00647-w","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Disentangling morphological variation in metapodials of giraffids: Modern and traditional approaches
Modern giraffids are nowadays represented by few species; however, this family was quite diverse during the Neogene. Several lineages radiated, showing high morphological disparity in metapodial shapes. During the last few years, not many scholars have focused on this subject. Furthermore, modern statistical approaches have been totally neglected. Herein, we present the first attempt to fill this gap of knowledge adopting a plethora of phylogenetic comparative approaches alongside multivariate statistics. Namely, we performed a series of traditional and geometric morphometric analyses for a total of 207 metapodial specimens of extant and fossil giraffid species. Our results recognized four different clusters, grouped in different morphospaces. Moreover, two of these clusters are clearly outliers in respect to an overall homogeneous distribution. The two outlying clusters include short and robust metapodials observed in Sivatherium, and long and slender metapodials observed in Giraffa and Bohlinia, respectively. Similarities between the modern Okapia and the extinct genus Decennatherium were also detected. This study explores the relations between the morphological adaptations and the ecological roles of different members of the Giraffidae. It also provides insights into how different environmental factors might have influenced the evolution of this group and the adaptation of their members to diverse environments. Furthermore, locomotory adaptations of the most hyper-specialized Giraffidae groups are briefly discussed and investigated.
期刊介绍:
Accounts of Chemical Research presents short, concise and critical articles offering easy-to-read overviews of basic research and applications in all areas of chemistry and biochemistry. These short reviews focus on research from the author’s own laboratory and are designed to teach the reader about a research project. In addition, Accounts of Chemical Research publishes commentaries that give an informed opinion on a current research problem. Special Issues online are devoted to a single topic of unusual activity and significance.
Accounts of Chemical Research replaces the traditional article abstract with an article "Conspectus." These entries synopsize the research affording the reader a closer look at the content and significance of an article. Through this provision of a more detailed description of the article contents, the Conspectus enhances the article's discoverability by search engines and the exposure for the research.