Mildred J. Johnson, Ahmed J. Saadi, Piotr Kuklinski, Abigail M. Smith, Juan López-Gappa, Thomas Schwaha
{"title":"挖掘枯燥无味的贝类:新特征和 Immergentiidae 的新物种","authors":"Mildred J. Johnson, Ahmed J. Saadi, Piotr Kuklinski, Abigail M. Smith, Juan López-Gappa, Thomas Schwaha","doi":"10.1007/s13127-024-00645-y","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Immergentia</i> is an endolithic genus of ctenostome bryozoans and the sole member of the Immergentiidae. Etchings of their typical spindled-shaped and sometimes enantiomorphic borehole aperture in calcium carbonate substrates are accomplished by chemical dissolution. The tentacle crown of the bryozoan is essentially the only body part that extends beyond the shell surface when protruded. Previously, species were mainly described using external colony and zooidal characteristics or whole mounts, with partial histological sections conducted on a single species in 1947. Modern approaches, however, are hitherto missing. We examined the soft body morphology of <i>Immergentia</i> from different locations with confocal laser scanning microscopy and the production of 3D reconstructions. In addition, zooidal characteristics such as tentacle number, size, tubulets, and interzooidal distances were used to distinguish and describe species. The combination of conventional and modern methods revealed the presence of a cardiac constrictor and intercalary kenozooids that can interpose between the cystid appendages, something not previously reported in immergentiids, thus necessitating an amendment of the family diagnosis. The polypide typically has eight to ten tentacles, and the anus is positioned in the low or mid-lophophoral area. In addition, sequence data, including the mitogenome and the nuclear ribosomal genes (18S and 28S) of four species from five locations, are presented for the first time. Based on molecular and morphological data, a novel intertidal immergentiid from France, <i>Immergentia stephanieae</i> sp. nov., and a subtidal species from New Zealand, <i>I. pohowskii</i> sp. nov., are described. This work supplements the rather sparse existing knowledge on Immergentiidae and proposes additional characteristics to complement existing descriptions in order to enhance future species identification.</p>","PeriodicalId":1,"journal":{"name":"Accounts of Chemical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":16.4000,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Digging into boring bryozoans: new characters and new species of Immergentiidae\",\"authors\":\"Mildred J. Johnson, Ahmed J. Saadi, Piotr Kuklinski, Abigail M. Smith, Juan López-Gappa, Thomas Schwaha\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/s13127-024-00645-y\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><i>Immergentia</i> is an endolithic genus of ctenostome bryozoans and the sole member of the Immergentiidae. Etchings of their typical spindled-shaped and sometimes enantiomorphic borehole aperture in calcium carbonate substrates are accomplished by chemical dissolution. The tentacle crown of the bryozoan is essentially the only body part that extends beyond the shell surface when protruded. Previously, species were mainly described using external colony and zooidal characteristics or whole mounts, with partial histological sections conducted on a single species in 1947. Modern approaches, however, are hitherto missing. We examined the soft body morphology of <i>Immergentia</i> from different locations with confocal laser scanning microscopy and the production of 3D reconstructions. In addition, zooidal characteristics such as tentacle number, size, tubulets, and interzooidal distances were used to distinguish and describe species. The combination of conventional and modern methods revealed the presence of a cardiac constrictor and intercalary kenozooids that can interpose between the cystid appendages, something not previously reported in immergentiids, thus necessitating an amendment of the family diagnosis. The polypide typically has eight to ten tentacles, and the anus is positioned in the low or mid-lophophoral area. In addition, sequence data, including the mitogenome and the nuclear ribosomal genes (18S and 28S) of four species from five locations, are presented for the first time. Based on molecular and morphological data, a novel intertidal immergentiid from France, <i>Immergentia stephanieae</i> sp. nov., and a subtidal species from New Zealand, <i>I. pohowskii</i> sp. nov., are described. 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Digging into boring bryozoans: new characters and new species of Immergentiidae
Immergentia is an endolithic genus of ctenostome bryozoans and the sole member of the Immergentiidae. Etchings of their typical spindled-shaped and sometimes enantiomorphic borehole aperture in calcium carbonate substrates are accomplished by chemical dissolution. The tentacle crown of the bryozoan is essentially the only body part that extends beyond the shell surface when protruded. Previously, species were mainly described using external colony and zooidal characteristics or whole mounts, with partial histological sections conducted on a single species in 1947. Modern approaches, however, are hitherto missing. We examined the soft body morphology of Immergentia from different locations with confocal laser scanning microscopy and the production of 3D reconstructions. In addition, zooidal characteristics such as tentacle number, size, tubulets, and interzooidal distances were used to distinguish and describe species. The combination of conventional and modern methods revealed the presence of a cardiac constrictor and intercalary kenozooids that can interpose between the cystid appendages, something not previously reported in immergentiids, thus necessitating an amendment of the family diagnosis. The polypide typically has eight to ten tentacles, and the anus is positioned in the low or mid-lophophoral area. In addition, sequence data, including the mitogenome and the nuclear ribosomal genes (18S and 28S) of four species from five locations, are presented for the first time. Based on molecular and morphological data, a novel intertidal immergentiid from France, Immergentia stephanieae sp. nov., and a subtidal species from New Zealand, I. pohowskii sp. nov., are described. This work supplements the rather sparse existing knowledge on Immergentiidae and proposes additional characteristics to complement existing descriptions in order to enhance future species identification.
期刊介绍:
Accounts of Chemical Research presents short, concise and critical articles offering easy-to-read overviews of basic research and applications in all areas of chemistry and biochemistry. These short reviews focus on research from the author’s own laboratory and are designed to teach the reader about a research project. In addition, Accounts of Chemical Research publishes commentaries that give an informed opinion on a current research problem. Special Issues online are devoted to a single topic of unusual activity and significance.
Accounts of Chemical Research replaces the traditional article abstract with an article "Conspectus." These entries synopsize the research affording the reader a closer look at the content and significance of an article. Through this provision of a more detailed description of the article contents, the Conspectus enhances the article's discoverability by search engines and the exposure for the research.