Yongchang Li, Aaron French, Zhihan Hu, Frank A. Garner, Lin Shao
{"title":"自离子辐照纯多晶铁和单晶铁的近表面空洞泯灭与位移速率和温度的关系","authors":"Yongchang Li, Aaron French, Zhihan Hu, Frank A. Garner, Lin Shao","doi":"10.1016/j.jnucmat.2024.155262","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Pure iron has been irradiated with Fe<sup>2+</sup> ions in a series of studies to identify neutron-atypical physical processes that influence the depth dependence of void swelling, focusing especially on suppression effects arising from injected interstitials and surface proximity. One paper in this series examined the surface influence in single-crystal Fe irradiated to 50 and 100 peak dpa over a range of temperature (425–525 °C) and ion energy (1.0, 2.5, 3.5, 5.0 MeV) while keeping the peak damage rate at 1.2 × 10<sup>–3</sup> dpa/s, although the surface dpa rate was lower but increasing with decreasing ion energy, providing a small range of surface dpa rate. The observed denuded width <span><math><mrow><mstyle><mi>Δ</mi></mstyle><mi>x</mi></mrow></math></span> was modified to incorporate sputtering loss. The activation energy governing the denuding process was found to be <span><math><msub><mi>E</mi><mrow><mstyle><mi>Δ</mi></mstyle><msup><mrow><mi>x</mi></mrow><mn>4</mn></msup></mrow></msub></math></span>=1.65<span><math><mrow><mo>±</mo><mn>0.03</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>e</mi><mi>V</mi></mrow></math></span>, higher than the vacancy migration energy <span><math><mrow><msubsup><mi>E</mi><mi>V</mi><mi>m</mi></msubsup><mspace></mspace></mrow></math></span> known to be 0.67 eV. This difference was attributed to the effect of dissolved carbon (103 appm) which reduces the effective vacancy mobility and thereby increases the effective migration energy.</p><p>Since the previous study involved a factor of only 2.83 in near-surface dpa rate it is important to confirm that the dependence of <span><math><msub><mi>E</mi><mrow><mstyle><mi>Δ</mi></mstyle><msup><mrow><mi>x</mi></mrow><mn>4</mn></msup></mrow></msub></math></span> on dpa rate is maintained over a larger range of damage rates. In this study polycrystalline Fe with 140 appm carbon was irradiated with 5 MeV Fe<sup>2+</sup> ions to 50, 100 and 150 dpa over a range of peak dpa rates (2.0 × 10<sup>–4</sup>, 1.2 × 10<sup>–3</sup>, 6.0 × 10<sup>–3</sup> dpa/sec) and temperatures (425, 475, 525 °C). At very high dpa levels sputtering and void growth lead to loss of voids via shrinkage, limiting the upper dose level where this technique can be applied. It was found that the single-crystal and polycrystal specimens yielded essentially identical behavior with <span><math><msub><mi>E</mi><mrow><mstyle><mi>Δ</mi></mstyle><msup><mrow><mi>x</mi></mrow><mn>4</mn></msup></mrow></msub></math></span> = 1.65 eV, validating the application of this activation energy over a wider range of dpa, dpa rate, temperature, and crystal form.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":373,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nuclear Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8000,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"The dependence on displacement rate and temperature of near-surface void-denuding in self-ion irradiated pure polycrystalline and single-crystal iron\",\"authors\":\"Yongchang Li, Aaron French, Zhihan Hu, Frank A. Garner, Lin Shao\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.jnucmat.2024.155262\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>Pure iron has been irradiated with Fe<sup>2+</sup> ions in a series of studies to identify neutron-atypical physical processes that influence the depth dependence of void swelling, focusing especially on suppression effects arising from injected interstitials and surface proximity. One paper in this series examined the surface influence in single-crystal Fe irradiated to 50 and 100 peak dpa over a range of temperature (425–525 °C) and ion energy (1.0, 2.5, 3.5, 5.0 MeV) while keeping the peak damage rate at 1.2 × 10<sup>–3</sup> dpa/s, although the surface dpa rate was lower but increasing with decreasing ion energy, providing a small range of surface dpa rate. The observed denuded width <span><math><mrow><mstyle><mi>Δ</mi></mstyle><mi>x</mi></mrow></math></span> was modified to incorporate sputtering loss. The activation energy governing the denuding process was found to be <span><math><msub><mi>E</mi><mrow><mstyle><mi>Δ</mi></mstyle><msup><mrow><mi>x</mi></mrow><mn>4</mn></msup></mrow></msub></math></span>=1.65<span><math><mrow><mo>±</mo><mn>0.03</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>e</mi><mi>V</mi></mrow></math></span>, higher than the vacancy migration energy <span><math><mrow><msubsup><mi>E</mi><mi>V</mi><mi>m</mi></msubsup><mspace></mspace></mrow></math></span> known to be 0.67 eV. This difference was attributed to the effect of dissolved carbon (103 appm) which reduces the effective vacancy mobility and thereby increases the effective migration energy.</p><p>Since the previous study involved a factor of only 2.83 in near-surface dpa rate it is important to confirm that the dependence of <span><math><msub><mi>E</mi><mrow><mstyle><mi>Δ</mi></mstyle><msup><mrow><mi>x</mi></mrow><mn>4</mn></msup></mrow></msub></math></span> on dpa rate is maintained over a larger range of damage rates. In this study polycrystalline Fe with 140 appm carbon was irradiated with 5 MeV Fe<sup>2+</sup> ions to 50, 100 and 150 dpa over a range of peak dpa rates (2.0 × 10<sup>–4</sup>, 1.2 × 10<sup>–3</sup>, 6.0 × 10<sup>–3</sup> dpa/sec) and temperatures (425, 475, 525 °C). At very high dpa levels sputtering and void growth lead to loss of voids via shrinkage, limiting the upper dose level where this technique can be applied. It was found that the single-crystal and polycrystal specimens yielded essentially identical behavior with <span><math><msub><mi>E</mi><mrow><mstyle><mi>Δ</mi></mstyle><msup><mrow><mi>x</mi></mrow><mn>4</mn></msup></mrow></msub></math></span> = 1.65 eV, validating the application of this activation energy over a wider range of dpa, dpa rate, temperature, and crystal form.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":373,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Journal of Nuclear Materials\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.8000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-06-26\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Journal of Nuclear Materials\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"5\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022311524003647\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"工程技术\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q3\",\"JCRName\":\"MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Nuclear Materials","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022311524003647","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
The dependence on displacement rate and temperature of near-surface void-denuding in self-ion irradiated pure polycrystalline and single-crystal iron
Pure iron has been irradiated with Fe2+ ions in a series of studies to identify neutron-atypical physical processes that influence the depth dependence of void swelling, focusing especially on suppression effects arising from injected interstitials and surface proximity. One paper in this series examined the surface influence in single-crystal Fe irradiated to 50 and 100 peak dpa over a range of temperature (425–525 °C) and ion energy (1.0, 2.5, 3.5, 5.0 MeV) while keeping the peak damage rate at 1.2 × 10–3 dpa/s, although the surface dpa rate was lower but increasing with decreasing ion energy, providing a small range of surface dpa rate. The observed denuded width was modified to incorporate sputtering loss. The activation energy governing the denuding process was found to be =1.65, higher than the vacancy migration energy known to be 0.67 eV. This difference was attributed to the effect of dissolved carbon (103 appm) which reduces the effective vacancy mobility and thereby increases the effective migration energy.
Since the previous study involved a factor of only 2.83 in near-surface dpa rate it is important to confirm that the dependence of on dpa rate is maintained over a larger range of damage rates. In this study polycrystalline Fe with 140 appm carbon was irradiated with 5 MeV Fe2+ ions to 50, 100 and 150 dpa over a range of peak dpa rates (2.0 × 10–4, 1.2 × 10–3, 6.0 × 10–3 dpa/sec) and temperatures (425, 475, 525 °C). At very high dpa levels sputtering and void growth lead to loss of voids via shrinkage, limiting the upper dose level where this technique can be applied. It was found that the single-crystal and polycrystal specimens yielded essentially identical behavior with = 1.65 eV, validating the application of this activation energy over a wider range of dpa, dpa rate, temperature, and crystal form.
期刊介绍:
The Journal of Nuclear Materials publishes high quality papers in materials research for nuclear applications, primarily fission reactors, fusion reactors, and similar environments including radiation areas of charged particle accelerators. Both original research and critical review papers covering experimental, theoretical, and computational aspects of either fundamental or applied nature are welcome.
The breadth of the field is such that a wide range of processes and properties in the field of materials science and engineering is of interest to the readership, spanning atom-scale processes, microstructures, thermodynamics, mechanical properties, physical properties, and corrosion, for example.
Topics covered by JNM
Fission reactor materials, including fuels, cladding, core structures, pressure vessels, coolant interactions with materials, moderator and control components, fission product behavior.
Materials aspects of the entire fuel cycle.
Materials aspects of the actinides and their compounds.
Performance of nuclear waste materials; materials aspects of the immobilization of wastes.
Fusion reactor materials, including first walls, blankets, insulators and magnets.
Neutron and charged particle radiation effects in materials, including defects, transmutations, microstructures, phase changes and macroscopic properties.
Interaction of plasmas, ion beams, electron beams and electromagnetic radiation with materials relevant to nuclear systems.