Community Social Capital and Self-Reported Oral Health among Chinese Older Adults: The Moderating Role of Income and the Mediating Role of Depressive Symptoms

This study examined the associations between community social capital and self-reported oral health among older adults in urban China, as well as the moderating effect of household income and the mediating role of depressive symptoms in these associations. Data were obtained from a community survey conducted in 2020 in Tianjin and Shijiazhuang City, China; the final analytical sample comprised 776 adults aged 60 years and above. To test the proposed moderation and mediation models, the data were analysed using binary logistic regression models and a path analysis, respectively. The findings showed that cognitive social capital and social participation (i.e., an indicator of structural social capital) were significantly associated with self-reported oral health. Additionally, the results revealed that while income significantly moderated the association between cognitive social capital and self-reported oral health, depressive symptoms significantly mediated it. The findings not only highlight the crucial role of community social capital in promoting oral health in later life among low-income older adults but also provide important evidence for a psychosocial pathway between social capital and oral health. Given the impacts of income and depressive symptoms on the relationship between community social capital and oral health among older adults, future social policies and interventions to support oral health should target financially vulnerable older adults with poor psychological well-being.