育雏性别比是否具有适应性?- 实验性改变育雏性别比对亲鸟摄食行为的影响

IF 1.9 2区 生物学 Q3 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES
Helga Gyarmathy, Renáta Kopena, Fanni Sarkadi, Eszter Szöllősi, Eszter Szász, János Török, Balázs Rosivall
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引用次数: 0

摘要

摘要在许多物种中都发现了育雏性别比(BSR)与亲本或环境质量之间的关系。如果某些因素以性别依赖的方式影响后代的适应性回报,这种现象就会发生进化。然而,人们很少研究有偏差的性别比例是否真的具有适应性。我们在交叉寄养实验中操纵了BSR,并研究了领蝇(Ficedula albicollis)在哺育率和存活率方面的亲本成本。在我们的种群中,雄性雏鸟在良好的条件下生长得更快,但对不利条件却更加敏感。假设雄性雏鸟的敏感性是由于它们需要更多的能量,我们预测雄性偏向实验性BSR会增加雏鸟的成本。假设BSR调整是适应性的,并与亲本的照料能力有关,我们预计原本有更多儿子的亲本会有更高的喂养率和存活率,并预测低质量的亲本不太能够根据寄养雏鸟的需要调整其喂养率或付出更高的存活成本。然而,我们发现,操控的BSR及其与原始BSR的交互作用既不影响父母的喂养率,也不影响父母的存活率。然而,只有雄性的喂食率与原始BSR相关,这与我们的预测相反:原始BSR偏向雌性的雄性更频繁地喂养寄养雏鸟。我们的结果以及之前关于实验对雏鸟影响的报告都不支持在我们的种群中观察到的BSR是适应性的。意义声明许多假说认为,高等脊椎动物会根据个体或环境质量来调整其后代的主要性别比例。尽管人们经常讨论观察到的模式的潜在适应价值,但专门测试性别比调整适应性的研究却非常稀少,而且是相关性的。通过一个特殊的交叉培育实验,我们研究了原始育雏性别比是否与亲本的饲养能力有关,以及实验性性别比是否与饲养成本(喂养努力或存活率)有关。我们发现,实验性改变育雏性别比对亲鸟的喂养努力和存活率都没有影响。此外,与适应性情景相反,原本雌性偏向育雏的雄性摄食率更高。到目前为止,我们还没有发现任何证据表明,领蝇鹬的性别比例调整是适应性的。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Are brood sex ratios adaptive? – The effect of experimentally altered brood sex ratios on parental feeding behaviour

Are brood sex ratios adaptive? – The effect of experimentally altered brood sex ratios on parental feeding behaviour

Abstract

Correlations between brood sex ratios (BSRs) and parental or environmental quality have been found in many species. This phenomenon is called sex ratio adjustment, and is expected to evolve if certain factors affect the fitness return from the offspring in a sex-dependent way. However, it is seldom studied whether biased sex ratios are indeed adaptive. We manipulated BSRs in a cross-fostering experiment, and investigated parental costs in terms of feeding rate and survival in the collared flycatcher (Ficedula albicollis). In our population, male nestlings can grow faster under good conditions, but are more sensitive to adverse conditions. Assuming that the sensitivity of the males results from their larger energy requirement, we predicted increased costs in broods with male-biased experimental BSR. Assuming that BSR adjustment is adaptive and related to parental care giving capacity, we expected higher feeding and survival rate by parents that originally had more sons, and predicted that low quality parents are less able to adjust their feeding rates to the needs of their foster broods or pay higher survival cost. However, we found that the manipulated BSR and its interaction with original BSR affected neither the feeding rate nor the survival of the parents. Only male feeding rate was correlated with original BSR, however, contrary to our prediction: males with female-biased original BSR fed their foster chicks more frequently. Our results, with those of a previous report about the effects of the experiment on nestlings, do not support that the observed BSRs are adaptive in our population.

Significance statement

Many hypotheses propose that higher vertebrates adaptively adjust the primary sex ratio of their offspring to individual or environmental quality. While the potential adaptive value of the observed patterns is regularly discussed, studies that specifically test the adaptivity of sex ratio adjustment are very scarce and correlative. Using a special cross-fostering experiment, we investigated whether original brood sex ratios are related to the rearing capacity of the parents, and experimental sex ratios are related to the rearing costs in terms of feeding effort or survival. We found no effect of experimentally altered brood sex ratios on either parental feeding effort or survival. Furthermore, contrary to the adaptive scenario, males that had female-biased broods originally had higher feeding rates. So far, we have found no evidence that the sex ratio adjustment is adaptive in the collared flycatcher.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.90
自引率
8.70%
发文量
146
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: The journal publishes reviews, original contributions and commentaries dealing with quantitative empirical and theoretical studies in the analysis of animal behavior at the level of the individual, group, population, community, and species.
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