珊瑚礁蝠鲼(Mobula alfredi)群体觅食行为的个体灵活性

IF 1.9 2区 生物学 Q3 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES
Annie Murray, Raphaël Royauté, Guy M. W. Stevens, Callum Roberts, Kathryn E. Arnold
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引用次数: 0

摘要

摘要动物觅食策略的灵活性可以提高个体的整体觅食效率。例如,群体觅食可以提高资源利用效率;反之,单独觅食可以减少种内竞争,尤其是在资源密度较低的情况下。在个体内部和个体之间,这种灵活性的成本效益权衡可能会有所不同。珊瑚礁蝠鲼(Mobula alfredi)是一种大型滤食性箭亚纲动物,经常聚集在一起捕食浮游动物的短暂上涌。在马尔代夫的三年里,我们自由潜水拍摄了 3106 次觅食活动,涉及 343 条可单独识别的阿尔弗雷迪蝠鲼。这些个体或单独觅食,或成群觅食,其中有一个明确的领头者和一到八个跟随者。在涨潮前的高点和聚集规模较大时,金眼鲷群体觅食的可能性明显高于个体觅食。在集群内,当有更多食物时,个体以更大的群体觅食,当整体集群相对较大时,这表明当食物丰富时,大群体觅食更有利,群体觅食策略带来的效率超过了种内竞争的成本。与雄性相比,性别较大的雌性更有可能领导觅食群体。个体内部的高变异性(超过70%)表明个体在所有觅食行为中都是不可预测的,因此不能将阿尔弗雷德蟾蜍个体划分为觅食类型或专家。相反,每个个体的行为都具有相当大的灵活性,这也是对依赖于空间和时间上短暂资源的物种的一种预测。M. alfredi聚集在一起,以短暂的浮游动物为食。在马尔代夫的三年里,我们拍摄了 3106 次觅食活动,涉及 343 条可单独识别的蝠鲼。在涨潮前和浮游动物聚集规模较大时,受浮游动物涌入的吸引,蝠鲼更倾向于成群觅食,而不是单独觅食。当浮游生物更丰富时,觅食群体包括更多个体。不过,个体在单个觅食和群体觅食之间游来游去,并不专一。觅食群体通常由雌性(较大的性别)领导。蝠鲼个体的觅食方式非常灵活,这对于一个依赖食物来源的物种来说是有道理的,因为食物来源在时间、地点和持续时间上都有很大的差异。了解蝠鲼的觅食行为将有助于保护管理工作,并预测它们对气候变化的反应。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Individual flexibility in group foraging behaviour of reef manta rays (Mobula alfredi)

Individual flexibility in group foraging behaviour of reef manta rays (Mobula alfredi)

Abstract

Flexibility in animal foraging strategies can increase overall feeding efficiency for individuals. For example, group foraging can increase the efficiency of resource exploitation; conversely solo foraging can reduce intraspecific competition, particularly at low resource densities. The cost–benefit trade-off of such flexibility is likely to differ within and among individuals. Reef manta rays (Mobula alfredi) are large filter-feeding elasmobranchs that often aggregate to feed on ephemeral upwellings of zooplankton. Over three years in the Maldives, we free-dived to film 3106 foraging events involving 343 individually identifiable M. alfredi. Individuals fed either solo or in groups with a clear leader plus between one and eight followers. M. alfredi were significantly more likely to forage in groups than solo at high just prior to high tide and when aggregations were larger. Within aggregations, individuals foraged in larger groups when more food was available, and when the overall aggregations were relatively large suggesting that foraging in large groups was more beneficial when food is abundant, and the costs of intraspecific competition were outweighed by the efficiency resulting from group foraging strategies. Females, the larger sex, were more likely to lead foraging groups than males. The high within-individual variance (over 70%), suggested individuals were unpredictable across all foraging behaviours, thus individual M. alfredi cannot be classified into foraging types or specialists. Instead, each individual was capable of considerable behavioural flexibility, as predicted for a species reliant on spatially and temporally ephemeral resources.

Significance statement

Reef manta rays (Mobula alfredi), listed as “Vulnerable” on the IUCN Red List, are at risk from targeted and by-catch fisheries due to their slow life history and aggregative behaviour. M. alfredi feed together in aggregations on short-lived glut of microscopic zooplankton. Over three years in the Maldives, we filmed 3106 foraging events involving 343 individually identifiable M. alfredi. Manta rays were more likely to forage in groups than solo just prior to high tide and when aggregations were larger, attracted by the influx of zooplankton. Foraging groups included more individuals when plankton was more abundant. However, individuals flipped between solo and group foraging and did not specialise. Foraging groups were most often led by females, the larger sex. Individuals were very flexible in how they foraged, which makes sense for a species that relies on a food source that varies enormously in when, where and for how long it is available. Understanding manta ray foraging behaviour will help conservation management efforts and predict their responses to climate change.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.90
自引率
8.70%
发文量
146
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: The journal publishes reviews, original contributions and commentaries dealing with quantitative empirical and theoretical studies in the analysis of animal behavior at the level of the individual, group, population, community, and species.
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