Investigations on the interaction of laser parameters for efficient microdrilling of NiTiV smart alloy system

Ni–Ti shape memory alloys (SMAs) are popular in current research due to their usefulness and mechanical properties. At different temperatures, Ni–Ti alloys transition from austenite to martensite. To restore high-temperature memory in nickel-titanium SMAs, vanadium (V) is added as an alloying element. For Ni–Ti-based SMAs, the fiber laser is one of the best machining procedures for bio-implants, actuators, and aircraft engine parts. Using a Box–Behnken design to experiment with laser power, nozzle distance, cutting speed, and frequency, this study examines fiber laser micro-drilled Ni50Ti48V2 SM alloy material removal and hole taper angle. By increasing power (P), frequency (F), and cutting speed (CS), Ni50Ti48V2 alloy material removal rate (MRR) increased by 75.79%. The hole taper angle (HTA) dropped 75.33% when cutting speed, laser power and frequency decreased. Lowering cutting speed and laser power increases micro-hole circularity and reduces HTA. Upon surface topographical inspection, debris and molten materials were found on the drilled surface. The flow of nitrogen gas caused materials to diffuse on the Ni50Ti48V2 alloy’s entry and exit surfaces, changing surface roughness. High parameters influence surface roughness, HTA, and circularity due to nitrogen gas flow. The material’s DSC and XRD tests confirmed its suitability for biomedical microhole production.