An energy-optimized green cooperative cognitive radio network for better spectrum sharing

Higher energy consumption and poor spectrum sharing were identified as the common problems in spectrum sharing at cognitive radio networks. So to overcome these issues in the present research, a novel Horse herd-based Elman spectrum sharing model is developed. The current study found lower energy consumption and a higher spectrum sharing rate in less time. Subsequently, a channel was created for sharing the spectrum over the primary and secondary users. After that, through the proposed model, the sharing system is monitored. Moreover, the spectrum is transmitted until the false alarm is detected. The system stops the users' spectrum sharing function if a false alarm is detected. However, the spectrum is shared with every user in the designed channel. Then a case study is developed to explain the working process of the model. After that, the performance of the proposed design is detailed, and in the comparison analysis, the performance of the proposed model is compared with the existing models. Consequently, the performance of the proposed model is validated based on the throughput, outage probability, bit error rate, energy consumption, data transmission, and spectral efficiency.