Aspidosperma Mart & Zucc.(Apocynaceae)的花药壁和花粉发育

IF 2.3 2区 生物学 Q2 PLANT SCIENCES
Daniela M Alves, Letícia S Souto, Ingrid Koch
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引用次数: 0

摘要

天南星科(Apocynaceae)是最丰富的开花植物科之一,其生殖结构的复杂性和花的形态多样性一直被认为是了解其进化成功和多样化的核心。然而,人们对其胚胎学特征的多样性知之甚少,尤其是对该科中分化较早的类群,如天南星科(Aspidospermateae)。此外,对早期分化类群的了解不足也阻碍了对天南星科进化趋势的重建。在此,我们利用传统的植物解剖学技术研究了五种无患子的花药壁和花粉发育。我们发现 Aspidosperma 物种的主要条件是纤维状内皮层、中层和具有单层无核细胞的分泌型绦膜,此外还有同步细胞分裂。我们还发现,所有物种的花粉粒都有 4-6 个小孔,也有假小孔,花粉脊是由外皮中不平等沉积的下胚层增厚形成的,它划定了花粉孔区域。外皮的分化沉积给花粉粒带来了独特的外观,似乎与授粉过程中的水合/脱水过程有关。在 Aspidospermateae 科的其他属中也发现了类似的沉积模式,这表明它可能构成了该科的一个异形。
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Anther wall and pollen development in Aspidosperma Mart & Zucc. (Apocynaceae)
Apocynaceae is one of the richest flowering plant families, and the complexity of their reproductive structures and morphological diversity of the flowers has been considered central to understanding its evolutionary success and diversification. However, the diversity of its embryological characters is poorly known, especially in taxa that are early diverging in the family, such as the Aspidospermateae tribe. Moreover, the knowledge gap on early divergent taxa forbids the reconstruction of evolutionary trends in Apocynaceae. Here, we investigated the anther wall and pollen development of five species of Aspidosperma using conventional plant anatomy techniques. We found that the primary conditions for the Aspidosperma species are fibrous endothecium, middle layer, and secretory tapetum having one-layered and uninucleate cells, besides simultaneous cytokinesis. We also found pollen grains 4–6 colporate, alternately with pseudocolporate in all the species, with ridges formed by the thickened inequal deposition of the infratectum layer in the exine that delimits aperture regions. The differentiated deposition of exine confers a distinctive appearance to pollen grains and appears to be associated with the hydration/dehydration process during pollination. Similar deposition patterns have been identified in other genera within the tribe Aspidospermateae, suggesting that it may constitute a synapomorphy for the tribe.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
5.70
自引率
8.30%
发文量
54
审稿时长
3.5 months
期刊介绍: The Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society publishes original papers on systematic and evolutionary botany and comparative studies of both living and fossil plants. Review papers are also welcomed which integrate fields such as cytology, morphogenesis, palynology and phytochemistry into a taxonomic framework. The Journal will only publish new taxa in exceptional circumstances or as part of larger monographic or phylogenetic revisions.
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