鼠蚤是入侵性的吗?评估智利入侵啮齿动物和本地啮齿动物中的跳蚤群落。

IF 1.6 3区 农林科学 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY
Nicol Lizama-Schmeisser, Elaine Serafin de Castro, Mario Espinoza-Carniglia, Yessica Herrera, María Carolina Silva-de La Fuente, Marcela Lareschi, Lucila Moreno
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引用次数: 0

摘要

共同入侵的特点是同时引入宿主和寄生虫,后者在本地宿主中建立自己的地位,这是一个令人担忧的生态现象。鼠类是一种臭名昭著的入侵物种,它已导致许多鸟类和哺乳动物物种灭绝和迁移,并成为影响人类和野生动物疾病的主要媒介。鼠蚤寄生的寄生虫中包括跳蚤,它们表现出强制性寄生行为、通性和高流行率,增加了跳蚤入侵的可能性。同时,入侵物种可以作为本地寄生虫的宿主,导致环境中寄生虫种群的潜在扩大或稀释。在智利,由于西班牙殖民者通过港口抵达,鼠蚤自 17 世纪以来就一直存在,并已遍布智利的城市、农村和野生区域。本研究旨在评估入侵鼠的本地跳蚤是否同时入侵智利本地啮齿动物,并确定黑鼠在入侵过程中是否获得了智利本地跳蚤。为此,我们从 26 个地点(南纬 20 度-53 度)捕获了 1132 只啮齿动物。结果发现,黑鼠与 11 种本地啮齿动物和 2 种外来啮齿动物共存。在本地啮齿动物中,Abrothrix olivacea和Oligoryzomys longicaudatus与Rattus有更广泛的共生关系。我们发现了 14 种与鼠类相关的跳蚤,其中只有 3 种是鼠类的原生跳蚤:Xenopsylla cheopis、Leptopsylla segnis 和 Nosopsyllus fasciatus。与本地跳蚤相比,这三种跳蚤在黑鼠体内的寄生虫量更大。还发现 Leptopsylla segnis 和 N. fasciatus 与与 R. rattus 共存的本地啮齿动物物种有关。除了 Neotyphloceras pardinasi 和 Sphinctopsylla ares 外,其余与 R. rattus 相关的物种都是本地啮齿类动物的跳蚤,但与本地啮齿类动物相关的跳蚤数量较少。虽然有证据表明跳蚤从老鼠传播到本地物种,但其流行率和数量都相对较低。因此,还不能明确断定这些跳蚤已经在本地啮齿动物种群中建立了自己的地位,因此不能将它们归类为入侵跳蚤。这项研究强调了鼠蚤对智利各种环境和地理条件的适应能力,包括从本地啮齿动物身上获取跳蚤的能力。这对公共卫生具有重要影响,可能会促进病原体在这些老鼠出没的不同栖息地传播。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Are Rattus rattus fleas invasive? Evaluation of flea communities in invasive and native rodents in Chile

Co-invasion, characterized by the simultaneous introduction of hosts and parasites with the latter establishing themselves in native hosts, is a phenomenon of ecological concern. Rattus rattus, a notorious invasive species, has driven the extinction and displacement of numerous avian and mammalian species and serves as a key vector for diseases affecting both humans and wildlife. Among the parasites hosted by R. rattus are fleas, which exhibit obligate parasitic behaviour, a generalist nature and high prevalence, increasing the likelihood of flea invasion. Simultaneously, invasive species can serve as hosts for native parasites, leading to potential amplification or dilution of parasite populations in the environment. In Chile, R. rattus has been present since the 17th century because of the arrival of the Spanish colonizers through the ports and has spread throughout urban, rural and wild Chilean territories. This study aims to evaluate whether co-invasion of native fleas of invasive rats occurs on native rodents in Chile and to determine whether black rats have acquired flea native to Chile during their invasion. For this, we captured 1132 rodents from 26 localities (20° S–53° S). Rattus rattus was found coexisting with 11 native rodent species and two species of introduced rodents. Among the native rodents, Abrothrix olivacea and Oligoryzomys longicaudatus exhibited more extensive sympatry with R. rattus. We identified 14 flea species associated with R. rattus, of which only three were native to rats: Xenopsylla cheopis, Leptopsylla segnis and Nosopsyllus fasciatus. These three species presented a higher parasite load in black rats compared to native fleas. Leptopsylla segnis and N. fasciatus were also found associated with native rodent species that cohabit with R. rattus. The remaining species associated with R. rattus were fleas of native rodents, although they were less abundant compared to those associated with native rodents, except for Neotyphloceras pardinasi and Sphinctopsylla ares. Although there has been evidence of flea transmission from rats to native species, the prevalence and abundance were relatively low. Therefore, it cannot be definitively concluded that these fleas have established themselves in native rodent populations, and hence, they cannot be classified as invasive fleas. This study underscores R. rattus’ adaptability to diverse environmental and geographical conditions in Chile, including its capacity to acquire fleas from native rodents. This aspect has critical implications for public health, potentially facilitating the spread of pathogens across various habitats where these rats are found.

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来源期刊
Medical and Veterinary Entomology
Medical and Veterinary Entomology 农林科学-昆虫学
CiteScore
3.70
自引率
5.30%
发文量
65
审稿时长
12-24 weeks
期刊介绍: Medical and Veterinary Entomology is the leading periodical in its field. The Journal covers the biology and control of insects, ticks, mites and other arthropods of medical and veterinary importance. The main strengths of the Journal lie in the fields of: -epidemiology and transmission of vector-borne pathogens changes in vector distribution that have impact on the pathogen transmission- arthropod behaviour and ecology- novel, field evaluated, approaches to biological and chemical control methods- host arthropod interactions. Please note that we do not consider submissions in forensic entomology.
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