Nicol Lizama-Schmeisser, Elaine Serafin de Castro, Mario Espinoza-Carniglia, Yessica Herrera, María Carolina Silva-de La Fuente, Marcela Lareschi, Lucila Moreno
{"title":"鼠蚤是入侵性的吗?评估智利入侵啮齿动物和本地啮齿动物中的跳蚤群落。","authors":"Nicol Lizama-Schmeisser, Elaine Serafin de Castro, Mario Espinoza-Carniglia, Yessica Herrera, María Carolina Silva-de La Fuente, Marcela Lareschi, Lucila Moreno","doi":"10.1111/mve.12739","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>Co-invasion, characterized by the simultaneous introduction of hosts and parasites with the latter establishing themselves in native hosts, is a phenomenon of ecological concern. <i>Rattus rattus</i>, a notorious invasive species, has driven the extinction and displacement of numerous avian and mammalian species and serves as a key vector for diseases affecting both humans and wildlife. Among the parasites hosted by <i>R. rattus</i> are fleas, which exhibit obligate parasitic behaviour, a generalist nature and high prevalence, increasing the likelihood of flea invasion. Simultaneously, invasive species can serve as hosts for native parasites, leading to potential amplification or dilution of parasite populations in the environment. In Chile, <i>R. rattus</i> has been present since the 17th century because of the arrival of the Spanish colonizers through the ports and has spread throughout urban, rural and wild Chilean territories. This study aims to evaluate whether co-invasion of native fleas of invasive rats occurs on native rodents in Chile and to determine whether black rats have acquired flea native to Chile during their invasion. For this, we captured 1132 rodents from 26 localities (20° S–53° S). <i>Rattus rattus</i> was found coexisting with 11 native rodent species and two species of introduced rodents. Among the native rodents, <i>Abrothrix olivacea</i> and <i>Oligoryzomys longicaudatus</i> exhibited more extensive sympatry with <i>R. rattus</i>. We identified 14 flea species associated with <i>R. rattus</i>, of which only three were native to rats: <i>Xenopsylla cheopis</i>, <i>Leptopsylla segnis</i> and <i>Nosopsyllus fasciatus</i>. These three species presented a higher parasite load in black rats compared to native fleas. <i>Leptopsylla segnis</i> and <i>N. fasciatus</i> were also found associated with native rodent species that cohabit with <i>R. rattus</i>. The remaining species associated with <i>R. rattus</i> were fleas of native rodents, although they were less abundant compared to those associated with native rodents, except for <i>Neotyphloceras pardinasi</i> and <i>Sphinctopsylla ares</i>. Although there has been evidence of flea transmission from rats to native species, the prevalence and abundance were relatively low. Therefore, it cannot be definitively concluded that these fleas have established themselves in native rodent populations, and hence, they cannot be classified as invasive fleas. This study underscores <i>R. rattus</i>’ adaptability to diverse environmental and geographical conditions in Chile, including its capacity to acquire fleas from native rodents. This aspect has critical implications for public health, potentially facilitating the spread of pathogens across various habitats where these rats are found.</p>","PeriodicalId":18350,"journal":{"name":"Medical and Veterinary Entomology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6000,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Are Rattus rattus fleas invasive? Evaluation of flea communities in invasive and native rodents in Chile\",\"authors\":\"Nicol Lizama-Schmeisser, Elaine Serafin de Castro, Mario Espinoza-Carniglia, Yessica Herrera, María Carolina Silva-de La Fuente, Marcela Lareschi, Lucila Moreno\",\"doi\":\"10.1111/mve.12739\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p>Co-invasion, characterized by the simultaneous introduction of hosts and parasites with the latter establishing themselves in native hosts, is a phenomenon of ecological concern. <i>Rattus rattus</i>, a notorious invasive species, has driven the extinction and displacement of numerous avian and mammalian species and serves as a key vector for diseases affecting both humans and wildlife. Among the parasites hosted by <i>R. rattus</i> are fleas, which exhibit obligate parasitic behaviour, a generalist nature and high prevalence, increasing the likelihood of flea invasion. Simultaneously, invasive species can serve as hosts for native parasites, leading to potential amplification or dilution of parasite populations in the environment. In Chile, <i>R. rattus</i> has been present since the 17th century because of the arrival of the Spanish colonizers through the ports and has spread throughout urban, rural and wild Chilean territories. This study aims to evaluate whether co-invasion of native fleas of invasive rats occurs on native rodents in Chile and to determine whether black rats have acquired flea native to Chile during their invasion. For this, we captured 1132 rodents from 26 localities (20° S–53° S). <i>Rattus rattus</i> was found coexisting with 11 native rodent species and two species of introduced rodents. Among the native rodents, <i>Abrothrix olivacea</i> and <i>Oligoryzomys longicaudatus</i> exhibited more extensive sympatry with <i>R. rattus</i>. We identified 14 flea species associated with <i>R. rattus</i>, of which only three were native to rats: <i>Xenopsylla cheopis</i>, <i>Leptopsylla segnis</i> and <i>Nosopsyllus fasciatus</i>. These three species presented a higher parasite load in black rats compared to native fleas. <i>Leptopsylla segnis</i> and <i>N. fasciatus</i> were also found associated with native rodent species that cohabit with <i>R. rattus</i>. The remaining species associated with <i>R. rattus</i> were fleas of native rodents, although they were less abundant compared to those associated with native rodents, except for <i>Neotyphloceras pardinasi</i> and <i>Sphinctopsylla ares</i>. Although there has been evidence of flea transmission from rats to native species, the prevalence and abundance were relatively low. Therefore, it cannot be definitively concluded that these fleas have established themselves in native rodent populations, and hence, they cannot be classified as invasive fleas. This study underscores <i>R. rattus</i>’ adaptability to diverse environmental and geographical conditions in Chile, including its capacity to acquire fleas from native rodents. This aspect has critical implications for public health, potentially facilitating the spread of pathogens across various habitats where these rats are found.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":18350,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Medical and Veterinary Entomology\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":1.6000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-07-03\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Medical and Veterinary Entomology\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"97\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/mve.12739\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"农林科学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"ENTOMOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Medical and Veterinary Entomology","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/mve.12739","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ENTOMOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Are Rattus rattus fleas invasive? Evaluation of flea communities in invasive and native rodents in Chile
Co-invasion, characterized by the simultaneous introduction of hosts and parasites with the latter establishing themselves in native hosts, is a phenomenon of ecological concern. Rattus rattus, a notorious invasive species, has driven the extinction and displacement of numerous avian and mammalian species and serves as a key vector for diseases affecting both humans and wildlife. Among the parasites hosted by R. rattus are fleas, which exhibit obligate parasitic behaviour, a generalist nature and high prevalence, increasing the likelihood of flea invasion. Simultaneously, invasive species can serve as hosts for native parasites, leading to potential amplification or dilution of parasite populations in the environment. In Chile, R. rattus has been present since the 17th century because of the arrival of the Spanish colonizers through the ports and has spread throughout urban, rural and wild Chilean territories. This study aims to evaluate whether co-invasion of native fleas of invasive rats occurs on native rodents in Chile and to determine whether black rats have acquired flea native to Chile during their invasion. For this, we captured 1132 rodents from 26 localities (20° S–53° S). Rattus rattus was found coexisting with 11 native rodent species and two species of introduced rodents. Among the native rodents, Abrothrix olivacea and Oligoryzomys longicaudatus exhibited more extensive sympatry with R. rattus. We identified 14 flea species associated with R. rattus, of which only three were native to rats: Xenopsylla cheopis, Leptopsylla segnis and Nosopsyllus fasciatus. These three species presented a higher parasite load in black rats compared to native fleas. Leptopsylla segnis and N. fasciatus were also found associated with native rodent species that cohabit with R. rattus. The remaining species associated with R. rattus were fleas of native rodents, although they were less abundant compared to those associated with native rodents, except for Neotyphloceras pardinasi and Sphinctopsylla ares. Although there has been evidence of flea transmission from rats to native species, the prevalence and abundance were relatively low. Therefore, it cannot be definitively concluded that these fleas have established themselves in native rodent populations, and hence, they cannot be classified as invasive fleas. This study underscores R. rattus’ adaptability to diverse environmental and geographical conditions in Chile, including its capacity to acquire fleas from native rodents. This aspect has critical implications for public health, potentially facilitating the spread of pathogens across various habitats where these rats are found.
期刊介绍:
Medical and Veterinary Entomology is the leading periodical in its field. The Journal covers the biology and control of insects, ticks, mites and other arthropods of medical and veterinary importance. The main strengths of the Journal lie in the fields of:
-epidemiology and transmission of vector-borne pathogens
changes in vector distribution that have impact on the pathogen transmission-
arthropod behaviour and ecology-
novel, field evaluated, approaches to biological and chemical control methods-
host arthropod interactions.
Please note that we do not consider submissions in forensic entomology.