Shane J. Goettl, Chao He, Zhenghai Yang, Ralf I. Kaiser, Ankit Somani, Adrian Portela-Gonzalez, Wolfram Sander, Bing-Jian Sun, Siti Fatimah, Komal P. Kadam and Agnes H. H. Chang
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Here, we reveal an unconventional low-temperature phenylethynyl addition–cyclization–aromatization mechanism for the gas-phase preparation of biphenyl (C<small><sub>12</sub></small>H<small><sub>10</sub></small>) along with <em>ortho</em>-, <em>meta</em>-, and <em>para</em>-substituted methylbiphenyl (C<small><sub>13</sub></small>H<small><sub>12</sub></small>) derivatives through crossed molecular beams and computational studies providing compelling evidence on their formation <em>via</em> bimolecular gas-phase reactions of phenylethynyl radicals (C<small><sub>6</sub></small>H<small><sub>5</sub></small>CC, X<small><sup>2</sup></small>A<small><sub>1</sub></small>) with 1,3-butadiene-<em>d</em><small><sub>6</sub></small> (C<small><sub>4</sub></small>D<small><sub>6</sub></small>), isoprene (CH<small><sub>2</sub></small>C(CH<small><sub>3</sub></small>)CHCH<small><sub>2</sub></small>), and 1,3-pentadiene (CH<small><sub>2</sub></small>CHCHCHCH<small><sub>3</sub></small>). The dynamics involve de-facto barrierless phenylethynyl radical additions <em>via</em> submerged barriers followed by facile cyclization and hydrogen shift prior to hydrogen atom emission and aromatization to racemic mixtures (<em>ortho</em>, <em>meta</em>) of biphenyls in overall exoergic reactions. These findings not only challenge our current perception of biphenyls as high temperature markers in combustion systems and astrophysical environments, but also identify biphenyls as fundamental building blocks of complex polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) such as coronene (C<small><sub>24</sub></small>H<small><sub>12</sub></small>) eventually leading to carbonaceous nanoparticles (soot, grains) in combustion systems and in deep space thus affording critical insight into the low-temperature hydrocarbon chemistry in our universe.</p>","PeriodicalId":99,"journal":{"name":"Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9000,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Unconventional gas-phase synthesis of biphenyl and its atropisomeric methyl-substituted derivatives†\",\"authors\":\"Shane J. 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Here, we reveal an unconventional low-temperature phenylethynyl addition–cyclization–aromatization mechanism for the gas-phase preparation of biphenyl (C<small><sub>12</sub></small>H<small><sub>10</sub></small>) along with <em>ortho</em>-, <em>meta</em>-, and <em>para</em>-substituted methylbiphenyl (C<small><sub>13</sub></small>H<small><sub>12</sub></small>) derivatives through crossed molecular beams and computational studies providing compelling evidence on their formation <em>via</em> bimolecular gas-phase reactions of phenylethynyl radicals (C<small><sub>6</sub></small>H<small><sub>5</sub></small>CC, X<small><sup>2</sup></small>A<small><sub>1</sub></small>) with 1,3-butadiene-<em>d</em><small><sub>6</sub></small> (C<small><sub>4</sub></small>D<small><sub>6</sub></small>), isoprene (CH<small><sub>2</sub></small>C(CH<small><sub>3</sub></small>)CHCH<small><sub>2</sub></small>), and 1,3-pentadiene (CH<small><sub>2</sub></small>CHCHCHCH<small><sub>3</sub></small>). 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Unconventional gas-phase synthesis of biphenyl and its atropisomeric methyl-substituted derivatives†
The biphenyl molecule (C12H10) acts as a fundamental molecular backbone in the stereoselective synthesis of organic materials due to its inherent twist angle causing atropisomerism in substituted derivatives and in molecular mass growth processes in circumstellar environments and combustion systems. Here, we reveal an unconventional low-temperature phenylethynyl addition–cyclization–aromatization mechanism for the gas-phase preparation of biphenyl (C12H10) along with ortho-, meta-, and para-substituted methylbiphenyl (C13H12) derivatives through crossed molecular beams and computational studies providing compelling evidence on their formation via bimolecular gas-phase reactions of phenylethynyl radicals (C6H5CC, X2A1) with 1,3-butadiene-d6 (C4D6), isoprene (CH2C(CH3)CHCH2), and 1,3-pentadiene (CH2CHCHCHCH3). The dynamics involve de-facto barrierless phenylethynyl radical additions via submerged barriers followed by facile cyclization and hydrogen shift prior to hydrogen atom emission and aromatization to racemic mixtures (ortho, meta) of biphenyls in overall exoergic reactions. These findings not only challenge our current perception of biphenyls as high temperature markers in combustion systems and astrophysical environments, but also identify biphenyls as fundamental building blocks of complex polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) such as coronene (C24H12) eventually leading to carbonaceous nanoparticles (soot, grains) in combustion systems and in deep space thus affording critical insight into the low-temperature hydrocarbon chemistry in our universe.
期刊介绍:
Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics (PCCP) is an international journal co-owned by 19 physical chemistry and physics societies from around the world. This journal publishes original, cutting-edge research in physical chemistry, chemical physics and biophysical chemistry. To be suitable for publication in PCCP, articles must include significant innovation and/or insight into physical chemistry; this is the most important criterion that reviewers and Editors will judge against when evaluating submissions.
The journal has a broad scope and welcomes contributions spanning experiment, theory, computation and data science. Topical coverage includes spectroscopy, dynamics, kinetics, statistical mechanics, thermodynamics, electrochemistry, catalysis, surface science, quantum mechanics, quantum computing and machine learning. Interdisciplinary research areas such as polymers and soft matter, materials, nanoscience, energy, surfaces/interfaces, and biophysical chemistry are welcomed if they demonstrate significant innovation and/or insight into physical chemistry. Joined experimental/theoretical studies are particularly appreciated when complementary and based on up-to-date approaches.