汽车拖车耦合装置--要求说明及柔性和静态载荷测量解决方案概述

Marcin Kąkol, Z. Lozia, R. Piłatowicz
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引用次数: 0

摘要

文章概述了当前的规范性文件、国家文件和国际文件,这些文件的内容包含了对汽车与拖车耦合装置的要求,即这些装置在上市销售前必须满足的技术条件,以确认其适当的性能并确保在使用过程中安全使用的可能性。根据联合国/欧洲经济委员会第 55 号条例,对汽车和拖车的连接装置进行了分类,并提出了相应的要求。讨论了联轴器符合批准要求的原则,并解释了设备制造商确定联轴器参数特征值的意义和方式。介绍了拖车对联接装置施加的最小和最大载荷的要求。特别关注了有关联接装置的现有技术解决方案(包括波兰共和国专利局或欧洲专利局的专利申请),其特点是可以测量联接装置上的静态垂直力和具有垂直弹性(顺应性)的联接装置,这有可能减少联接装置上的动态负载。利用文章的内容和模拟,计划对两个实际应用进行重点计算。首先是评估耦合装置引入垂直顺应性对其耐用性的影响。其次是评估耦合装置的静态垂直负载值(由拖车负载及其质量中心的纵向位置产生)对牵引车-拖车组合制动距离长度的影响。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Car-trailer coupling devices - description of requirements and overview of flexible and static load measuring solutions
The article presents an overview of the current normative, national, and international documents, containing in their content the requirements for devices coupling a car with a trailer in terms of technical conditions that these devices must meet to confirm proper performance and ensure the possibility of safe use during exploitation before will go on sale. Attention was paid to the division of coupling devices of motor vehicles and trailers into classes according to Regulation 55 of the UN/ECE and the resulting requirements. The principles according to which it should be accepted that couplings meet the approval requirements are discussed, and the meaning and way equipment manufacturers determine the characteristic values of the indicated coupling parameters are explained. Requirements for the minimum and maximum loads exerted by the trailer on the coupling device are presented. Particular attention was paid to the existing technical solutions (including patent claims in the Patent Office of the Republic of Poland or in the European Patent Office) regarding coupling devices characterized by the possibility of measuring the static vertical force on the coupling and couplings with vertical flexibility (compliance), which can potentially reduce dynamic loads on the coupling device. Calculations focused on two practical applications are planned using the article's content and simulation. The first is the ability to assess the impact of introducing vertical compliance to the coupling device on its durability. The second is the ability to assess the impact of the value of the static vertical load of the coupling device (resulting from the trailer load and the longitudinal position of its center of mass) on the length of the braking distance of the combination: towing vehicle - trailer.
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