北极大陆架上的流体地貌

A.V. Kokhan, E. A. Eremenko, Е.А. Moroz, Ermakov A.V., Sokolov S.Yu.
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文总结了北极陆架流生地貌的地质和地貌结构方面的现有数据,特别是洼坑、平果状地貌、圆顶和陨石坑的数据,并将其系统化。此外,还编制了一张小比例尺的成液地貌空间分布图。确定了北极海域不同类型流成地貌的地理分布模式,以及决定其定位、形态和现代活动的主要因素和条件。研究表明,流体成因地貌是具有多成分流体源的复杂地貌。它们在底层沉积物和水体中的分布和伴随的气体表现是由复杂的因素组合决定的。其中最重要的是水下永久冻土和亚永久冻土以及近地表深海天然气水合物的分布和厚度。海底成液地貌的数量受含油气结构和具有储层性质的岩石的具体特征,以及沿陆架永久冻土基底的陆地淡水流入量、海底沉积物的盐度和近底水温的影响。此外,底层沉积物中以断层和气管形式存在的流体流入地表的结构通道,以及喷射脱气效应对新形成的冰冻岩石可能产生的作用,都有助于流体成因形态的形成,并伴随着底部起伏。除上述因素外,流体成因地貌结构的形态差异还与大陆架的地质发展历史有关,特别是与全新世大断裂期间的淹没时间和冰川作用的影响有关。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Fluidogenic landforms on the Arctic shelves
The paper summarizes and systematizes available data on geological and geomorphologic structure of fluidogenic landforms on the Arctic shelves, in particular, pockmarks, pingo-like features, domes and craters. A small-scale map of the spatial distribution of fluidogenic landforms has been compiled. Geographical patterns of distribution of different types of fluidogenic landforms in the Arctic seas were identified, as well as main factors and conditions that determine their localization, morphology and modern activity. It is shown that fluidogenic landforms are complex formations with a multi-component source of fluids. Their distribution and accompanying gas manifestations in bottom sediments and water column are determined by complex combinations of factors. Among them the most significant are distribution and thickness of subaquatic permafrost and subpermafrost and the near-surface deep-sea gas hydrates. The amount of fluidogenic landforms at the bottom is influenced by specific features of oil and gas bearing structures and rocks with reservoir properties, as well as the influx of fresh land waters along the base of permafrost on the shelf, the degree of salinity of bottom sediments and the temperature of near-bottom water. In addition, fluidogenic morpholithogenesis is facilitated by the presence of structural channels for the influx of fluids to the surface in the form of faults and gas pipes in bottom sediments with the possible contribution of the jet degassing effect to the new formation of frozen rocks, accompanied by bottom heaving. Morphological differences in the structure of fluidogenic landforms are associated, in addition to the factors indicated above, with the history of the geological development of the shelf, in particular, with the time of submersion during the Holocene transgression and the impact of glaciation.
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