Effects of Terrain on the Landing of Locusta migratoria migratoria (Orthoptera: Acrididae) at the China–Kazakhstan Border1

We conducted a case study on the severe damage caused by the transboundary migration of Locusta migratoria (L.) (Orthoptera: Acrididae) in the Tacheng Prefecture and the Altay Prefecture at the China–Kazakhstan border by examining the effects of terrain on their landing behaviors. Based on the time and location of the locusts’ mass landings, we used mesoscale weather research and forecasting models to test the sensitivity (horizontal wind, vertical wind, temperature, and rainfall) of the terrain and simulate the effects of different terrain heights (terrain leveling, half terrain height, and actual terrain height) on landing. The results showed that changes in the regional terrain of the Tacheng and Altay prefectures did not enhance the vertical airflow over the landing area. With an elevation of the terrain, the precipitation intensity in the landing area of locusts also did not increase. We did detect a direct impact of wind direction and changes in temperature in the regional terrain on the landing process of L. m. migratoria. With an increase in terrain altitude, the wind direction over the landing area changed and the temperature decreased, resulting in large-scale forced landing. The results of this study have important value in predicting and forecasting the arrival of migratory locusts.