The Effect of Propolis Irrigation as an Adjunctive to Scaling and Root Surface Debridement on Periodontal Health Status, Glycemic Control and Biochemical Markers in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Chronic Periodontitis: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: Periodontitis is the inflammation of supporting tooth structures; it is one of the six complications of diabetes, Propolis a local delivery agent can be used as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal therapy. Aim: To assess the effect of Propolis as adjunctive to scaling and root surface debridement for the treatment of periodontitis patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: forty-five chronic periodontitis patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes (glycated hemoglobin 1 assay HbA1c≥8%) were recruited into group I; (n=15) scaling and root planing alone was performed, group II; (n=15) scaling and root planing+ chlorhexidine mouth wash twice a day for two weeks were prescribed, in the group III; scaling and root planing +Propolis irrigation was performed for two weeks, twice weekly. Clinical periodontal, haematological (fast blood sugar and glycated haemoglobin) and biochemical parameters (total antioxidant capacity and total oxidant status) were recorded at base line and three months of therapy. Results: The results indicated that there was a highly significant improvement of the clinical parameters in group I and II (p<0.001), in group I at baseline, the correlations between probing pocket depth and clinical attachment loss with total antioxidant capacity were significant and highly significant respectively, probing pocket depth and clinical attachment loss with total oxidant status were significant. While after 3 months of therapy, the correlations between bleeding on probing and gingival index with total antioxidant capacity were significant and highly significant respectively, plaque index and gingival index with total oxidant status were significant. Conclusion: Propolis irrigation could improve clinical periodontal parameters in chronic periodontitis patients with type 2 diabetes, with significant improvement of fast blood sugar and total oxidant status in group II and glycated haemoglobin in group III were exhibited. Keywords: Propolis, type 2 diabetes mellitus, total antioxidant capacity, total oxidant status, chronic periodontitis.