Impact of Bio-stimulants and Integrated Nutrient Management Sustainable Wheat Production: An Overview

A sufficient and well-balanced supply of plant nutrients is essential for increasing wheat crop output. The high cost of chemical fertilisers has prevented Indian farmers, who are primarily marginal and small-scale farmers, from providing these energy-dense crops with the recommended doses of nutrients. Instead, locally available organic sources of nutrients have been shown to increase crop productivity and decrease the need for chemical fertilisers. Under integrated nutrition management, the nutrients (N, P, K, and Zn) can be supplied via fertilisers, organic manures, bio-fertilizers, bio-stimulants, and their combined applications. Varietal adaptation at various locations and sowing dates is determined by the differences in phenology, growth habits, and requirements for temperature and photoperiod units among wheat varieties. In order to determine the growth patterns, physiological features, and yield attributes that will favourably influence the grain yield and biomass in wheat under normal and late seeded settings, a comparative evaluation of varieties appropriate for early, normal, and late sown conditions is necessary. The reaction of wheat cultivars to integrated nutrition management techniques in wheat crops grown under typical and late planting circumstances is reviewed in this review.