El final de la Pax americana. La evolución del sistema internacional. Los nuevos equilibrios

In this article, we start from the idea that we are not yet facing a redefinition of the world order created after the Second World War and the Cold War. Now, we find ourselves facing a profound questioning of the system and shifts in the balance of power that seem to show us the end of an era. The world order (or disorder) of the 21st century in which we find ourselves is marked by elements that introduce uncertainty and insecurity. Economic recession, pandemic, war, various crisis, slowdown of globalization (or perhaps deglobalization) … make a complex and disordered world. Above all these elements mentioned, the war in Ukraine represents a decisive moment for the construction of a new world order. The concept of Pax Americana is debatable and has been discussed widely, as we will discuss in our article. If we consider the term from the perspective of the supremacy of the United States in the international system, there is no doubt that the world order of the 20th century has been marked by American power, the end of the pax Americana would give rise to a new world order. The international liberal order would have ended and a new “post-Western” order would be being built. But what kind of order? The replacement of the pax Americana and, therefore, of the Western liberal order, is still imprecise. In conclusion, the objectives of our article are: to analyze the evolution of the concept of Pax Americana, understood as a symbol of the hegemony of the United States and the West in the world, to analyze the crisis context of said hegemony and, finally, to analyze the different paths of change in the international system, based on the fact that it is in a phase of transition and transformation that is still uncertain.