作为日粮能量-蛋白质平衡的生物标志物,牛奶中蛋白质和尿素的不同含量对波兰荷斯坦-弗里斯兰奶牛特定产奶性能特征水平的影响

P. Guliński
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引用次数: 0

摘要

这项研究的目的是评估不同水平的牛奶蛋白质和尿素含量对波兰荷斯坦-弗里斯兰奶牛某些产奶特性的影响。研究包括与波兰荷斯坦-弗里斯兰奶牛日产奶量有关的 34,397 组数据。这些奶牛饲养在马佐夫省和波德拉谢省的 15 个牛群中。在研究的第一阶段,根据牛奶中的尿素含量和蛋白质百分比对奶牛进行了区分。根据所采用的假设,日粮的能量和蛋白质平衡水平是根据牛奶中的尿素和蛋白质浓度确定的。根据尿素水平,将奶牛分为三个组别:250 毫克 - 升-1。根据牛奶中蛋白质的浓度,确定了以下三组动物:3.6%.在随后的泌乳期、生产水平和脂肪/蛋白质(F/P)组中,评估了饲料中不同的能量和蛋白质平衡水平对奶牛某些产奶特性的影响。四个泌乳期涵盖了连续几个月的泌乳期:根据日产奶量(30 千克)确定了三个产量组,以及三个不同脂肪/蛋白质比(1.6)的奶牛组。在研究的下一阶段,详细评估了饲料中不同水平的能量和蛋白质平衡对所分析的产奶特性的影响。根据尿素含量(毫克-升-1)和蛋白质浓度(%)的水平,将分析的奶牛群体分为 9 组,每组的蛋白质和能量需求量各不相同。使用皮尔逊相关系数和线性回归法确定了饲喂能量和蛋白质水平均衡日粮的奶牛与饲喂基于能量-蛋白质平衡的营养日粮的同类奶牛的奶牛性能特征之间的相互依存关系。在评估奶牛的能量供应时,研究表明,与饲喂最佳平衡日粮的奶牛相比,日粮中能量水平过低会导致牛奶化学成分下降,而能量水平过高则会导致产奶量下降。与饲喂最佳日粮的奶牛相比,能量和蛋白质营养不足的奶牛的牛奶中脂肪和蛋白质含量分别减少了 0.54% 和 0.59%。另一方面,能量供给过多时,脂肪(+0.66%)和蛋白质(+0.57%)含量增加,但日产奶量下降(-4.1 千克)。在评估奶牛蛋白质覆盖水平时,研究表明,饲料中蛋白质过量会导致牛奶中尿素含量增加。与饲喂均衡饲料的奶牛相比,饲喂过量蛋白质饲料的奶牛(>250 毫克-升-1 和 250 毫克-升-1 和 >3.6%;>250 毫克-升-1 和 3.2-3.6%)每升牛奶中的尿素含量更高,分别增加了 127、107 和 109 毫克。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The effect of different content of protein and urea in milk, as biomarkers of energy-protein balance of food rations, on the level of selected milk performance characteristics of Polish Holstein-Friesian cows
The aim of the study was to assess the impact of varied levels of milk protein and urea content on selected milk production traits of Polish Holstein-Friesian cows. The research included 34,397 data sets related to daily milk production of Polish Holstein-Friesian cows. These animals were kept in 15 cattle herds located in the Mazovian and Podlasie voivodeships. In the first stage of the research, the animals were differentiated based on the level of urea in their milk and the percentage of protein. According to the adopted assumptions, the energy and protein balance level of feed rations was determined based on the concentration of urea and protein in the milk. Due to the level of urea, three cow groups were distinguished: <150, 150–250, and >250 mg · L-1. Depending on the concentration of protein in the milk, the following three groups of animals were determined: <3.2%, 3.2–3.6%, and >3.6%. The assessment of the impact of varied energy and protein balance levels in feed rations on selected milk production traits of cows was conducted in subsequent lactation periods, production level and fat to protein (F/P) groups. Four lactation periods were distinguished, which covered successive months of lactation: 1–3, 4–6, 7–10, and 11–18, three production groups, determined based on the following levels of daily milk yield: <20, 20–30, and >30 kg and as well three groups of cows with different F/P ratio in milk were distinguished: <1.2, 1.2–1.6, >1.6. In the next stage of the study, a detailed assessment was conducted on the impact of varied levels of energy and protein balance in feed rations on the analyzed milk production traits. The analyzed population of cows was divided into 9 groups based on the level of urea content (mg · L-1) and protein concentration (%), with varying levels of coverage of the protein and energy requirements of cows. The interdependencies between milk performance traits of cows fed diets with balanced levels of energy and protein and their peers, for whom the nutritional diets were differentiated based on energy-protein balance, were determined using Pearson correlation coefficients and linear regression. When assessing the energy supply of cows, the study showed that too low energy levels in diets lead to a decrease in the chemical composition of milk, while too high levels lead to a decrease in milk yield compared to peers fed optimally balanced diets. Milk from cows with inadequate energy and protein nutrition contained less fat and protein by 0.54% and 0.59%, respectively, compared to milk from cows fed optimally. On the other hand, excessive energy supply was accompanied by an increase in fat (+0.66%) and protein (+0.57%) concentration with a decrease in daily milk yield (-4,1 kg). When evaluating the level of protein coverage for cows, the study showed that an excess of protein in feed led to an increase in urea levels in milk. The level of urea in milk from cows fed with excess protein in their feed (>250 mg · L-1 and <3.2%; >250 mg · L-1 and >3.6%; >250 mg · L-1 and 3.2–3.6%) contained more urea per liter compared to milk from cows fed a balanced diet, with increases of 127, 107, and 109 mg, respectively.
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