Biosynthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and effect on seed germination of wheat (Triticum aestivum) in vitro

Zinc Oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are considered an effective factor in plant growth due to their high absorption because of their small size and effect on the plant's physiological system. This study included the biosynthesis of zinc nanoparticles by plant extract from the leaves of the Myrtus communis L. and used the following analyses ultraviolet- X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared (FITR), and visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy (XRD). Using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), it was possible to analyze the ZnO NPs and determine how their concentration affected the germination rate and several other aspects of the growth of wheat Triticum aestivum seeds in vitro. The study results showed that a distinctive absorption peak at 366 nm caused by surface plasma resonance visible in the UV-Vis spectroscopy. A FESEM revealed that ZnO NPs were semi-spherical and had an average diameter of 30 nm.. The results also revealed the effectiveness of the concentration of 100 ppm in the germination percentage of wheat seeds which reached the mean of 59.17% compared with 24.17 % in the control treatment, While the length of plumule and radicle recorded 5.767 cm and 3.400 cm respectively at the same concentration. The study suggests found the effectiveness of biosynthetic zinc nanoparticles in the germination characteristics of wheat seeds.