通过社会资本增强和维持创业心态和生态系统:印度北古吉拉特邦农村妇女的案例

Tomo Kawane, Rajib Shaw
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摘要

这项实证研究针对 25 名没有任何经商经验的农村女企业家的经营策略和应变能力。在 2023 年 2 月至 3 月期间,对古吉拉特邦北部五个村庄的 25 名 Leuva Patel 社区女企业家进行了半结构化访谈,用古吉拉特语与受访者面对面交流,以评估她们在印度 COVID-19 大流行期间创办的加工食品企业的起源和管理情况。反复和长期的封锁迫使社会疏远,人员、货物和商品的日常流动和运输骤然停止。然而,妇女们可以与其他妇女合作,发起她们的食品加工小组,并建立起自己的固定收入来源,这是她们养家糊口的可持续替代来源,同时她们还留在自己的村庄,并始终保持其企业的非正式性。 研究发现,女企业家的商业决策得到了社会资本的支持,社会资本的象征是村内外社区成员之间的信任、纽带和联系:社区的创业生态系统增强了她们探索、捕捉和提升商业机会的应变能力。本研究强调了女企业家倾向于留在非正规部门的原因,并提出了有关创业生态系统和心态的未来研究方向。 为促进农村妇女在正规部门可持续创业而提出的政策方向建议可能是及时和有价值的。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Enhancing and sustaining entrepreneurial mindset and ecosystem through social capital: A case of rural women in North Gujarat, India
This empirical study on the business strategies and resilience of 25 rural women entrepreneurs who had no prior experience in doing business. Semi-structured interview of 25 women entrepreneurs of the Leuva Patel community in five villages in northern Gujarat was held face-to-face with the interviewees in Gujarati during February-March 2023 to evaluate the genesis and management of their processed food enterprises initiated during the COVID-19 pandemic in India. Repeated and prolonged lockdowns enforced social distancing abruptly halted daily movements and transportation of people, goods, and commodities. Yet, women could collaborate with fellow women, initiate their food-processing groups, and establish their regular source of income, a sustainable alternate source to support their families while remaining in their villages and keeping their enterprises informal throughout.  The study found that women entrepreneurs' business decisions have been underpinned by their social capital, symbolized by trust, bonding, and linking among community members within and outside their villages: the community's entrepreneurial ecosystem has strengthened their resilience in exploring, capturing, and enhancing business opportunities. The study highlights why women entrepreneurs tend to stay in the informal sector and suggests future directions of research on entrepreneurial ecosystem and mindset.  Suggested policy directions to enhance sustainable rural women entrepreneurship in formal sector are could be timely and valuable.
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