葡萄牙中部荒地与城市交接处的野火疏散规划

Fire Pub Date : 2024-06-14 DOI:10.3390/fire7060199
Adélia N. Nunes, Carlos D. Pinto, Albano Figueiredo, Luciano Lourenço
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引用次数: 0

摘要

近几十年来,野火已成为威胁人们生命和财产的常见灾害,尤其是在野地-城市交接地带(WUIs)。由于生物物理危害和社会脆弱性在空间上存在差异,为 WUI 制定有效的疏散策略给应急规划人员带来了挑战。本研究的目的是绘制优先疏散的 WUIs 图。考虑的因素包括野火风险的严重程度,以及人口中心,其对疏散过程的最大限制来自于暴露人口的性质以及前往最近的避难所/庇护所所需的时间。我们采用了一个综合框架,将野火危害、社会脆弱性以及步行或乘车前往最近的避难所/庇护所所需的时间联系起来。研究区域包括葡萄牙中部山区的两个市镇(Lousã 和 Sertã),这两个市镇都位于野火高风险地区,人口分散且非常脆弱。结合野火风险和前往最近避难所的交通时间,可以确定 20% 的 WUIs 为 Sertã 的优先疏散区域。在 Lousã 的情况中,3.4% 的 WUIs 被确定为优先疏散区,因为它们极易受到野火风险的影响,而且步行到最近的避难所所需的时间超过 15 分钟。这些结果有助于根据燃料管理策略和/或有效、安全的疏散管理设计有效的火前规划。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Planning Wildfire Evacuation in the Wildland–Urban Interfaces of Central Portugal
In recent decades, wildfires have become common disasters that threaten people’s lives and assets, particularly in wildland–urban interfaces (WUIs). Developing an effective evacuation strategy for a WUI presents challenges to emergency planners because of the spatial variations in biophysical hazards and social vulnerability. The aim of this study was to map priority WUIs in terms of evacuation. The factors considered were the seriousness of the risk of wildfire exposure, and the population centres whose greatest constraints on the evacuation process stemmed from the nature of the exposed population and the time required to travel to the nearest shelter/refuge. An integrated framework linking wildfire hazard, social vulnerability, and the time taken to travel by foot or by car to the nearest refuge/shelter was applied. The study area includes two municipalities (Lousã and Sertã) in the mountainous areas of central Portugal that are in high-wildfire-risk areas and have very vulnerable and scattered pockets of exposed population. The combination of wildfire risk and travelling time to the nearest shelters made it possible to identify 20% of the WUIs that were priority areas for evacuation in the case of Sertã. In the case of Lousã, 3.4% were identified, because they were highly exposed to wildfire risk and had a travelling time to the nearest shelter of more than 15 min on foot. These results can assist in designing effective pre-fire planning, based on fuel management strategies and/or managing an effective and safe evacuation.
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