Andrew Holmes, Mason Blue, Mark Diaz, Anthony Kuner, Megan Albertson
{"title":"免疫力低下患者中枢神经系统感染的影像学检查","authors":"Andrew Holmes, Mason Blue, Mark Diaz, Anthony Kuner, Megan Albertson","doi":"10.1097/01.CDR.0001017656.44879.99","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Immunocompromised patients are susceptible to the same infections as immunocompetent individuals and have an additional unique risk for atypical infections in the central nervous system (CNS). Many CNS infections carry a poor prognosis if not treated promptly, so it is prudent for radiologists to recognize key findings and have a high level of suspicion in immunocompromised patients. Moreover, a patient may have no known deficiency but can present with an atypical CNS infection as their first sign of an immunocompromised state, thus allowing the radiologist to be the first to suggest specific workup such as HIV testing. Because different infection sources (bacterial, fungal, and parasitic) have separate treatments, it is highly valuable to guide management in the right direction early in the diagnostic workup. This article discusses common opportunistic infections observed in the immunocompromised patient, primarily focusing on neuroimaging findings and pertinent clinical background and treatment for each disease entity. This article also emphasizes the importance of familiarity with the differential diagnosis for ring-enhancing lesions within the CNS.","PeriodicalId":29694,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Diagnostic Radiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1000,"publicationDate":"2024-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Imaging of Central Nervous System Infections in the Immunocompromised Patient\",\"authors\":\"Andrew Holmes, Mason Blue, Mark Diaz, Anthony Kuner, Megan Albertson\",\"doi\":\"10.1097/01.CDR.0001017656.44879.99\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"Immunocompromised patients are susceptible to the same infections as immunocompetent individuals and have an additional unique risk for atypical infections in the central nervous system (CNS). Many CNS infections carry a poor prognosis if not treated promptly, so it is prudent for radiologists to recognize key findings and have a high level of suspicion in immunocompromised patients. Moreover, a patient may have no known deficiency but can present with an atypical CNS infection as their first sign of an immunocompromised state, thus allowing the radiologist to be the first to suggest specific workup such as HIV testing. Because different infection sources (bacterial, fungal, and parasitic) have separate treatments, it is highly valuable to guide management in the right direction early in the diagnostic workup. This article discusses common opportunistic infections observed in the immunocompromised patient, primarily focusing on neuroimaging findings and pertinent clinical background and treatment for each disease entity. This article also emphasizes the importance of familiarity with the differential diagnosis for ring-enhancing lesions within the CNS.\",\"PeriodicalId\":29694,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Contemporary Diagnostic Radiology\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.1000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-06-15\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Contemporary Diagnostic Radiology\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.CDR.0001017656.44879.99\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q4\",\"JCRName\":\"RADIOLOGY, NUCLEAR MEDICINE & MEDICAL IMAGING\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Contemporary Diagnostic Radiology","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.CDR.0001017656.44879.99","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"RADIOLOGY, NUCLEAR MEDICINE & MEDICAL IMAGING","Score":null,"Total":0}
Imaging of Central Nervous System Infections in the Immunocompromised Patient
Immunocompromised patients are susceptible to the same infections as immunocompetent individuals and have an additional unique risk for atypical infections in the central nervous system (CNS). Many CNS infections carry a poor prognosis if not treated promptly, so it is prudent for radiologists to recognize key findings and have a high level of suspicion in immunocompromised patients. Moreover, a patient may have no known deficiency but can present with an atypical CNS infection as their first sign of an immunocompromised state, thus allowing the radiologist to be the first to suggest specific workup such as HIV testing. Because different infection sources (bacterial, fungal, and parasitic) have separate treatments, it is highly valuable to guide management in the right direction early in the diagnostic workup. This article discusses common opportunistic infections observed in the immunocompromised patient, primarily focusing on neuroimaging findings and pertinent clinical background and treatment for each disease entity. This article also emphasizes the importance of familiarity with the differential diagnosis for ring-enhancing lesions within the CNS.