从龙脑香叶中分离出的甾体皂苷的化学结构

Hung Duc Nguyen, T. Tu, Mau Hoang Chu
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摘要

皂苷是在各种生物体内普遍存在的天然化合物,主要存在于植物中。它们在水中形成胶体溶液,摇动时会产生泡沫并沉淀胆固醇。对混合物和单个皂苷进行的几项体外和体内试验显示,皂苷具有广泛的生物和药理活性,包括癌症相关活性、抗哮喘和抗过敏、免疫调节、抗肝毒性、抗病毒、降血糖、抗真菌和杀软体动物活性。龙脑香属植物以其丰富的甾体皂甙而闻名,可用于治疗消化系统和血液系统疾病。以前对该属植物的研究发现了甾体皂苷的存在,其中一些对培养的肿瘤细胞具有细胞毒性活性和有趣的生物活性。本研究利用各种色谱技术以及一维和二维核磁共振(NMR)光谱分析,从 D. dracoL.的叶片中获得了甾体皂苷。其结构被推断为 26-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-22-O-甲基呋喃甾-5,25(27)-二烯-1β,3β,22α,26-四醇 1-O-{O-α-L-鼠李糖基-(1→2)-α-L-阿拉伯吡喃糖基};这是一种以前从日本 Ruscusaculeatus 地下部分分离出来的化合物。未来对该皂苷的生物活性进行评估势在必行,以增强有关 D. draco L. 以及 Dracaena 属的化学成分和生物功能的化学分类学数据。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Chemical structure of steroidal saponin isolated from the leaves of Dracaena draco L.
Saponins are naturally occurring compounds ubiquitously present in various organisms, predominantly in plants. They are noted for forming colloidal solutions in water, which foam on shaking and precipitate cholesterol. Several in vitro and in vivo tests on mixtures and individual saponins have revealed a broad spectrum of biological and pharmacological activities, including cancer-related activity, antiphlogistic and antiallergic, immunomodulating, antihepatotoxic, antiviral, hypoglycemic, antifungal and molluscicidal activities. The Dracaena genus is renowned for an abundance of steroidal saponins utilized in treating digestive and hematological disorders. Previous studies on this genus revealed the presence of steroidal saponins, some of which showed cytotoxic activities against cultured tumor cells and interesting biological activities. This study procured steroidal saponin from the foliage of D. dracoL. using various chromatographic techniques and 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic analysis. The structure was deduced as 26-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-22-O-methylfurosta-5,25(27)-diene-1β,3β,22α,26-tetrol 1-O-{O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-L-arabinopyranosyl}; a compound previously isolated from the underground parts of Ruscusaculeatus in Japan. Future evaluation of the saponin’s biological activity is imperative to enhance chemotaxonomic data concerning the chemical composition and biological functionality of D. draco L. and, by extension, the Dracaena genus.
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