Evaluation of oxidative damage and genotoxicity in populations exposed to arsenic in drinking water from Santa Fe province, Argentina

The presence of arsenic in the environment is a public health problem. Groundwater of certain regions of Argentina contains arsenic of natural origin in concentrations that exceed the guide level recommended by World Health Organization (WHO, 10 µg/L). Pathologies derived from chronic arsenic consumption justify the planning of human biomonitoring. Hence, the aim of this study was to evaluate oxidative damage and genotoxicity and its relationship with nutritional variables in populations exposed to arsenic through drinking water in Santa Fe province, Argentina. A total of 322 participants were analyzed for arsenic in urine together with biomarkers of genotoxicity (Comet assay in blood and frequency of Micronuclei and other Nuclear Abnormalities in exfoliated buccal cells) and oxidative stress (modified Comet assay with Endonuclease III, Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activity), as well as nutritional and biochemical variables. Results showed that 45 % of participants excreted arsenic in the urine. Consumption of water with arsenic, whether currently or previously, was associated with statistically significant increase of oxidative DNA damage and lipid peroxidation. MN in exfoliated buccal cells serve as an early biomarker of genotoxicity and showed significant differences in the current exposed group. Biochemical results indicate dyslipidemias potentially linked to dietary choices, and insufficient intake of fruits and vegetables rich in antioxidants, was also noted. This study advocates risk communication to the population, educators, and health authorities, emphasizing the need for preventive health strategies and improved food education.