Journal club

In 2015 the WHO set ambitious targets to tackle the global epidemic of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (TB), including increased detection, reduced mortality, and decreased economic burden of disease, however, the WHO update from September 2023 reports that none are on track for their 2025 milestones (https://reliefweb.int/report/world/global-tuberculosis-report-2023). This situation is not new- globally all three of the 2020 milestones were missed despite some country specific successes. However, the pandemic has had a major impact, stalling, or outright reversing pre-pandemic progress. For example, overall incidence estimates had declined year-on-year between 2010 and 2020 from 11.4 million (95% CI, 8.94,14.10) to 10 million (95% CI, 9.40,10.70). However, in 2021 and 2022, global incidence estimates increased to 10.3 million (95% CI, 9.64,11.00) and 10.6 million (95% CI, 9.87,11.40) respectively. Similar trends were seen in mortality, although the initial increase was in 2020 with 1.37 million estimated deaths compared with 1.32 million in 2019, with the number returning back to pre-pandemic levels (1.30 million, 95% CI 1.18 to 1.43) in 2022. The timing discrepancy reflects the delayed onset of the disease post infection, compared with the more immediate effects of reduced access to treatment. Shockingly, they estimate that 500 000 excess TB deaths occurred compared with if pre-pandemic trends had been maintained. As it stands, the total reduction in incidence rate and TB deaths in 2022 compared with 2015 were 8.7% and 19% respectively, a long …