重新关注水生噪声:从单一人为压力转向综合人为压力

Frank Thomsen, A. Popper
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引用次数: 0

摘要

水生动物(无脊椎动物、鱼类和海洋哺乳动物)正在遭遇越来越多的水下人为噪声,这些噪声会破坏甚至损害生态系统以及个体和种群的生活。人为噪声源包括但不限于航运、化石燃料的近海勘探和生产以及风力发电场的建设和运营。由于人为噪声持续增加,过去二十年来,有关其对水生动物潜在影响的研究不断加强。然而,一个尚未得到充分探讨的重要问题是,噪声只是(通常同时)作用于动物的一种人为压力。事实上,同时存在的多种人为压力可能会影响水生动物对每种刺激的反应。此外,在多重压力下,动物的反应可能与只有单一人为来源时截然不同。我们建议调整水生噪声的研究重点,优先研究噪声与其他人为压力对水生生物的相互作用。同时,我们呼吁加快研究,为累积风险研究提供基准数据,如监测全球环境噪声。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Refocusing aquatic noise: Shifting from single to combined anthropogenic pressures
Aquatic animals (invertebrates, fishes, and marine mammals) are encountering an increasing array of underwater anthropogenic noises that can disrupt and even harm ecosystems as well as the lives of individuals and populations. Sources of anthropogenic noise include, but are not limited to, shipping, offshore exploration and production for fossil fuels, and the construction and operation of wind farms. Because of the continuing increase in anthropogenic noise, research on its potential effects on aquatic animals has intensified over the past two decades. However, a major under-explored issue is that noise is only one type of anthropogenic pressure acting (often simultaneously) on animals. Indeed, multiple simultaneous anthropogenic pressures are likely to affect how aquatic animals respond to each of the individual stimuli. Moreover, animal responses may be very different in the presence of multiple pressures as compared to when there is only a single anthropogenic source. We suggest refocusing of aquatic noise so that research prioritizes studies that deal with the interaction of noise with other anthropogenic pressures on aquatic life. At the same time, we call for an acceleration of studies providing baseline data for cumulative risk studies, such as monitoring of ambient noise around the globe.
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