日本 18-59 岁劳动适龄人口对 COVID-19 的风险认知和预防行动的社会经济差异:一项横断面研究

Kyoko Shimamoto, Y. Ibuka
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摘要

据报道,全球对 COVID-19 的风险认知和预防措施普遍不足,亚人群之间的差异也令人担忧,这是导致健康差距扩大的主要原因。本研究调查了日本 18-59 岁一般劳动适龄人口对 COVID-19 感染的主观和客观风险认知及预防措施,重点关注社会经济群体和健康状况的差异。2021 年 3 月,我们在日本选定的 COVID-19 感染病例最多的都道府县进行了一次横断面调查,采用的是在线自我报告问卷。主观和客观风险认知及预防措施与几个社会经济变量(包括性别、收入、就业和家庭组成)以及自我报告的健康状况有显著关系。即使是主要的基本预防行为,包括戴口罩、避免参加大型集会和洗手,这些差异也很大。此外,这些风险认知和预防行动与社会经济地位和健康状况有着意想不到的关系,这与现有的证据或理论相反,尤其是在年轻一代和健康状况较差的人群中。这些证据表明,风险认知和预防行动似乎并不总是一致的,在日本,它们在社会经济群体和健康状况方面的差异已经得到了强调,这可能表明不同亚人群有着复杂而独特的途径。针对 COVID-19 和其他传染病预防的进一步证据和战略对于传染病预防和控制战略的过渡至关重要,既要针对高危人群,也要针对高风险人群。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Socioeconomic disparities in risk perceptions and precautionary actions against COVID-19 among the working age population aged 18–59 in Japan: a cross-sectional study
Risk perceptions and precautionary actions against COVID-19 have been reported to be generally insufficient globally, and differences by subpopulation group have been concerning, as a key driver to widening health gaps. Although a body of literature examined these key constructs, critical comparative examinations of various risk perceptions and precautionary actions by socioeconomic group are still limited in Japan and Asia.This study examines subjective and objective risk perceptions and precautionary actions against COVID-19 infection among the general working age population aged 18–59 in Japan, focusing on the differences by socioeconomic group and health status. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in March 2021, using an online self-reporting questionnaire, in selected prefectures in Japan where COVID-19 infection cases ranked the highest. Participants were randomly recruited, and quota sampling methods were employed with the weighting of the sample distribution by geographic location (n=2764).Subjective and objective risk perceptions and precautionary actions were significantly related to several of the socioeconomic variables, including gender, income, employment and household composition, as well as self-reported health status. These disparities were substantial even with the key basic preventive behaviour including mask wearing, avoidance of large gatherings and hand washing. Further, these risk perceptions and precautionary actions showed unexpected relationships with socioeconomic position and health status, contrary to existing evidence or theory, particularly among younger generations and worse health populations.This evidence suggests that risk perceptions and precautionary actions do not always seem to align, and their disparities by socioeconomic group and health status have been underscored in Japan, which may suggest complex and distinct pathways by subpopulation group. Further evidence and strategies for COVID-19 and other infectious disease prevention would be critical in transitions of the infectious disease prevention and control strategy, targeting both the high-risk population group and higher risk-taking group.
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