Newtonian Heating in Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Hybrid Nanofluid Flow Near the Stagnation Point over Nonlinear Stretching and Shrinking Sheet

Hybrid nanofluids have demonstrated superior heat transfer performance in numerous applications. However, there remains a need for further research to broaden the scope of their potential applications. The unique behavior of hybrid nanofluids, driven by their potential for improved thermal efficiency, continues to be a focal point of investigation and exploration. This study focuses on the effects of Newtonian heating in MHD hybrid nanofluid near the stagnation point over a nonlinear stretching/shrinking sheet. The Tiwari and Das model, which is a single-phase model, was used to develop the mathematical model. The base fluid and the nanoparticles are assumed to be in thermal equilibrium; hence there is no thermal slip between them. The combination of metal (Cu) and metal oxide (Al2O3) nanoparticles with water (H2O) as the base fluid is used for the analysis. Furthermore, the governing equations are transformed using a similarity transformation technique into similarity equations, which are then solved numerically using a bvp4c function in MATLAB software. Numerical comparison with the published literature is conducted to validate the numerical results, and excellent agreement is found. The impact of physical parameters on the velocity, temperature, skin friction, and local Nusselt number is graphically deliberated. The outcomes suggest that non-unique solutions are found in a specific range of the shrinking parameter. It is also observed that increasing Cu (copper) nanoparticle volume fractions cause an increase in the skin friction coefficient and the local Nusselt number. The presence of magnetic and nonlinear parameters widens the range of solutions to exist while different observation is noticed with an increase in the volume fraction of Cu. Other than that, it has been shown that the Nusselt number increases as the magnetic parameter increases. Lastly, the rise of Newtonian heating contributes to an increase in the temperature profile. This investigation is crucial for understanding the thermal behavior of Cu-Al2O3/ H2O under the influence of physical factors like a magnetic field and Newtonian heating.