用计算机模拟物理

Søren Toxvaerd
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引用次数: 0

摘要

费曼于 1982 年发表了题为《用计算机模拟物理学》的主题演讲(Int.J. Theor.Phys. {\bf 21}, 467 (1982)),他在演讲中谈到"......关于......计算机将做与自然界完全相同的事情的可能性"。其动机是`......物理世界是量子力学的,因此正确的问题是量子物理学的模拟"。在这里,我试图在四十多年后回答费曼提出的 "是否有可能进行精确的计算机模拟 "的问题。许多计算机模拟并不精确,它们包含均场近似,违背了量子动力学与牛顿第三定律的对称性,例如星系系统的几乎所有物理模拟。在回顾了计算机模拟和模拟真实系统的问题之后,我认为牛顿离散动力学是费曼量子路径的经典极限路径。然而,物理世界并不是精确可知的,它比任何模拟系统都要复杂得多,迄今为止还没有精确模拟过任何理论系统。因此,在四十多年后的今天,在对物理系统的动力学进行了数十万次计算机模拟之后,费曼问题的答案仍然是否定的。不过,尽管不可能精确模拟任何真实系统的动力学,但模拟在自然科学领域已经并将继续发挥巨大作用。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Simulating Physics with Computers
Feynman gave in 1982 a keynote speech \textit{Simulating Physics with Computers} (Int. J. Theor. Phys. {\bf 21}, 467 (1982)) in which he talked ``...about the possibility...that the computer will do exactly the same as nature". The motivation was that: ``...the physical world is quantum mechanical, and therefore the proper problem is the simulation of quantum physics". Here I try after more than forty years to answer Feynman's question of whether it is possible to perform exact computer simulations. Many computer simulations are not exact, they contain mean field approximations that disobey the symmetry in the quantum dynamics with Newton's third law, e.g. almost all astrophysical simulations of galaxy systems. After a review of computer simulations and the problems of simulating real systems, I argue that Newton's discrete dynamics, which is used in almost all computer simulations and which is exact in the same sense as Newton's analytic dynamics, is the classical limit path of Feynman's quantum paths. However, the physical world is not known exactly and it is much more complex than any simulated systems, and so far no real systems have been simulated exactly. Hence, more than forty years later, and after hundreds of thousands of computer simulations of the physical system's dynamics the answer to Feynman's question is still negative. But although it is not possible to simulate the dynamics exactly for any real systems, the simulations have been and will be of great use in Natural Science.
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