利用电子游戏厘清主动和被动群体增强效益对利他主义多层次选择的贡献

IF 1.9 2区 生物学 Q3 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES
Julien Céré, Clint D Kelly, Pierre-Olivier Montiglio
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引用次数: 0

摘要

群体增殖假说认为,个体可以通过扩大群体规模来获得利益,这种假说很少被研究,因为它往往与互惠等其他进化机制重叠。当把同伴从死亡线上救回来时,该成员在群体中的存在就能产生不同的益处,这些益处可能是被动的,如风险稀释;也可能是主动的,如延迟互惠。我们通过实验操纵了一个视频游戏中猎物(利他主义者与非利他主义者)的行为,从而区分了被动和主动的群体增益效应。游戏中有四名猎物玩家,他们必须获得生存资源,同时避免被第五名猎食者捕获。我们指示一半的猎物玩家避免营救其他猎物,另一半玩家在可能的情况下进行营救。我们的数据显示,增加群体中利他主义猎物的出现频率会提高所有群体成员的生存率。保持群体规模则会带来被动效益,如改善资源获取和促进未来的救援。这些被动益处对生存的影响要高于主动益处(如通过互惠获得救助)。因此,我们能够利用一个与生物相关的在线视频游戏来证明反捕食者利他行为所带来的被动收益的重要性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Untangling the contribution of active and passive group augmentation benefits to the multilevel selection of altruism using a video game

Untangling the contribution of active and passive group augmentation benefits to the multilevel selection of altruism using a video game

The group augmentation hypothesis states that individuals gain benefits by increasing group size and is rarely studied because it often overlaps with other evolutionary mechanisms like reciprocity. When rescuing a fellow prey from death, the mere presence of that member in the group can yield different benefits that can be passive like risk dilution or active like delayed reciprocity. We were able to separate the effects of passive and active group augmentation benefits by experimentally manipulating the behaviour of prey (altruist vs. non-altruist) in a video game where the costs and benefits of altruism were easily measured. The game pits four players-prey that must acquire resources to survive, while avoiding getting captured by a fifth player-predator. We instructed half of the prey players to avoid rescuing other prey, and the other half to rescue when possible. Our data showed that increasing the frequency of altruistic prey in a group increased survival of all group members. Maintaining group size yielded passive benefits like improving resource acquisition and facilitating future rescues. These passive benefits had a higher impact on survival than the active benefits (e.g., being rescued in return through reciprocity). Thus, we were able to support the importance of passive benefits from anti-predator altruistic behaviour using a biologically relevant online video game.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.90
自引率
8.70%
发文量
146
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: The journal publishes reviews, original contributions and commentaries dealing with quantitative empirical and theoretical studies in the analysis of animal behavior at the level of the individual, group, population, community, and species.
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