{"title":"陶瓷砖烧结过程中线性收缩变化的建模与模拟","authors":"J.M.N. Jayaweera , M. Narayana , S.U. Adikary","doi":"10.1016/j.finmec.2024.100274","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Linear shrinkage (S<sub>L</sub>) is utilized as a criterion to modify the size of the sintered ceramic tiles, and the sintering cycle affects the shrinkage variation. The exact sintering cycle associated with the S<sub>L</sub> of ceramic tiles is difficult to verify experimentally, and it affects the quality of the final ceramic tiles. Production costs also increased due to the large amount of experimental work. This study investigated a powerful numeric model of the sintering process within ceramic tile, using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to evaluate the variation of the S<sub>L</sub> in ceramic tiles during the sintering process. The sintering process was simultaneous and integrated with energy and mass transport phenomena. Numerical formulas were developed for the sintering operation, and the S<sub>L</sub> behavior of ceramic tiles during sintering was examined using a kinetic model. An unsteady 3D model was established, and simulation was performed using the CFD tool by varying the temperature profile. The results of CFD simulation can ascertain the temporal and spatial changes in the S<sub>L</sub> of ceramic tiles through sintering. To validate the model, the green body mixture of ceramic tile was prepared and analyzed. Ceramic tiles were shaped by a powder pressing technique on a laboratory scale. Dried tiles were sintered in a laboratory furnace by adjusting the maximum sintering temperatures. The structure of sintered ceramic tiles was analyzed. The S<sub>L</sub> variation of each sintered tile was determined and compared with the results of CFD simulations. The results of the CFD simulation were validated and concurred with experimental outcomes, and the R<sup>2</sup> value of the results was 0.9. The developed CFD model is capable of predicting the temporal and spatial changes in S<sub>L</sub> of ceramic tiles through sintering, and it is a great help to find the exact sintering cycle associated with S<sub>L</sub>. Finally, the quality of the tile is increased, and production costs are also reduced.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":93433,"journal":{"name":"Forces in mechanics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2000,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666359724000209/pdfft?md5=8bc087aeaa7b1ed23332480e9ee638cd&pid=1-s2.0-S2666359724000209-main.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Modeling and simulation of ceramic tiles linear shrinkage variation during the sintering process\",\"authors\":\"J.M.N. Jayaweera , M. Narayana , S.U. Adikary\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.finmec.2024.100274\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>Linear shrinkage (S<sub>L</sub>) is utilized as a criterion to modify the size of the sintered ceramic tiles, and the sintering cycle affects the shrinkage variation. The exact sintering cycle associated with the S<sub>L</sub> of ceramic tiles is difficult to verify experimentally, and it affects the quality of the final ceramic tiles. Production costs also increased due to the large amount of experimental work. This study investigated a powerful numeric model of the sintering process within ceramic tile, using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to evaluate the variation of the S<sub>L</sub> in ceramic tiles during the sintering process. The sintering process was simultaneous and integrated with energy and mass transport phenomena. Numerical formulas were developed for the sintering operation, and the S<sub>L</sub> behavior of ceramic tiles during sintering was examined using a kinetic model. An unsteady 3D model was established, and simulation was performed using the CFD tool by varying the temperature profile. The results of CFD simulation can ascertain the temporal and spatial changes in the S<sub>L</sub> of ceramic tiles through sintering. To validate the model, the green body mixture of ceramic tile was prepared and analyzed. Ceramic tiles were shaped by a powder pressing technique on a laboratory scale. Dried tiles were sintered in a laboratory furnace by adjusting the maximum sintering temperatures. The structure of sintered ceramic tiles was analyzed. The S<sub>L</sub> variation of each sintered tile was determined and compared with the results of CFD simulations. The results of the CFD simulation were validated and concurred with experimental outcomes, and the R<sup>2</sup> value of the results was 0.9. The developed CFD model is capable of predicting the temporal and spatial changes in S<sub>L</sub> of ceramic tiles through sintering, and it is a great help to find the exact sintering cycle associated with S<sub>L</sub>. Finally, the quality of the tile is increased, and production costs are also reduced.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":93433,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Forces in mechanics\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":3.2000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-05-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666359724000209/pdfft?md5=8bc087aeaa7b1ed23332480e9ee638cd&pid=1-s2.0-S2666359724000209-main.pdf\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Forces in mechanics\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666359724000209\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Forces in mechanics","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666359724000209","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Modeling and simulation of ceramic tiles linear shrinkage variation during the sintering process
Linear shrinkage (SL) is utilized as a criterion to modify the size of the sintered ceramic tiles, and the sintering cycle affects the shrinkage variation. The exact sintering cycle associated with the SL of ceramic tiles is difficult to verify experimentally, and it affects the quality of the final ceramic tiles. Production costs also increased due to the large amount of experimental work. This study investigated a powerful numeric model of the sintering process within ceramic tile, using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to evaluate the variation of the SL in ceramic tiles during the sintering process. The sintering process was simultaneous and integrated with energy and mass transport phenomena. Numerical formulas were developed for the sintering operation, and the SL behavior of ceramic tiles during sintering was examined using a kinetic model. An unsteady 3D model was established, and simulation was performed using the CFD tool by varying the temperature profile. The results of CFD simulation can ascertain the temporal and spatial changes in the SL of ceramic tiles through sintering. To validate the model, the green body mixture of ceramic tile was prepared and analyzed. Ceramic tiles were shaped by a powder pressing technique on a laboratory scale. Dried tiles were sintered in a laboratory furnace by adjusting the maximum sintering temperatures. The structure of sintered ceramic tiles was analyzed. The SL variation of each sintered tile was determined and compared with the results of CFD simulations. The results of the CFD simulation were validated and concurred with experimental outcomes, and the R2 value of the results was 0.9. The developed CFD model is capable of predicting the temporal and spatial changes in SL of ceramic tiles through sintering, and it is a great help to find the exact sintering cycle associated with SL. Finally, the quality of the tile is increased, and production costs are also reduced.
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