医学教育中的特权、豁免和平等权利行动。

Journal of law and health Pub Date : 2024-01-01
Gregory Curfman
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在 "学生争取公平入学诉哈佛学院院长和研究员案 "和 "学生争取公平入学诉北卡罗来纳大学案 "中,最高法院裁定,在大学招生中对特定种族或民族的申请人采取加分的平权行动是违宪的。这一裁决的依据是《第十四修正案》的平等保护条款和《1964 年民权法案》第六章。本文认为,更适合作为宪法分析依据的是《第十四修正案》中的另一个条款,即特权或豁免条款。文章将根据该条款对医学院招生进行法律分析。根据对该条款的基本权利解读还是反歧视(平等)解读,对医学院招生中的平权法案是否符合宪法得出了相反的结论。这一分析表明了为什么招生中的平权行动--在此情况下是医学院的招生--是一个复杂而困难的宪法问题,因为它直接影响到国家医生队伍的构成。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Privileges, Immunities, and Affirmative Action in Medical Education.

In Students for Fair Admissions v. President and Fellows of Harvard College and Students for Fair Admissions v. University of North Carolina, the Supreme Court ruled that affirmative action in university admissions, in which an applicant of a particular race or ethnicity receives a plus factor, is unconstitutional. This ruling was based on both the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment and Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. This article argues that a more natural fit as the basis for constitutional analysis would be a different clause in the Fourteenth Amendment, the Privileges or Immunities Clause. In the article, a legal analysis based on the clause is applied to medical school admissions. Depending on whether a fundamental rights reading or an antidiscrimination (equality) reading of the clause is applied, opposite conclusions are reached on the constitutionality of affirmative action in medical school admissions. This analysis demonstrates why affirmative action in admissions--in this case medical school admissions, which directly affect the composition of the Nation's physician workforce--is a complex and difficult constitutional question.

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