热带雨林中的捕食率随海拔升高而下降,但食草动物的捕食率却没有随海拔升高而下降

IF 1.1 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 ECOLOGY
B. E. L. Barlow, A. Nakamura, L. A. Ashton
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引用次数: 0

摘要

自然界中,昆虫食草动物的数量受其植物寄主和天敌的控制。这些 "自下而上 "和 "自上而下 "的控制影响着因食草而损失的叶片面积。对食草动物的自下而上的控制可能受叶片养分和植物防御的驱动。自上而下的控制可能受天敌的丰度和物种丰富度、寄主或猎物的特异性以及捕食策略(如主动搜寻或坐等 "伏击 "捕食)的影响。自下而上和自上而下控制的相对重要性尚未确定,但在温度变化等不同环境条件下可能会因时空而异。我们调查了中国云南西双版纳热带海拔梯度的叶片碳氮、叶面积损失以及塑毛虫的攻击情况。我们的研究表明,捕食活动随着海拔高度和温度的升高而减少,而叶片养分和食草造成的叶面积损失则基本保持不变。捕食模式是由蚂蚁驱动的,蚂蚁是嗜热动物,因此在温度较高、海拔较低的地方更活跃、数量更大、种类更多。叶片的营养价值是驱动食草模式的重要因素,因为在这一梯度上食草量是稳定的,但其他因素,如机械防御和食草动物引起的植物挥发物,还需要进一步研究。海拔研究有助于深入了解气候变化下生态系统功能将如何变化。气候变化导致气温升高,使蚂蚁等捕食性群体可以利用更高的海拔,高海拔栖息地自上而下的控制可能会增加,导致这些生态敏感群落重新布线。与此同时,如果天敌的临界最大热量被超过,低海拔地区自上而下的控制可能会面临风险。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Predation, but not herbivory, declines with elevation in a tropical rainforest

Predation, but not herbivory, declines with elevation in a tropical rainforest

Naturally, insect herbivore populations are controlled by their plant hosts and predators. These ‘bottom-up’ and ‘top-down’ controls influence leaf area lost to herbivory. Bottom-up control of herbivory may be driven by leaf nutrients and plant defences. Top-down control can be driven by abundance and species richness of natural enemies, host or prey specificity, and predation strategies (e.g., active searching or sit-and-wait ‘ambush’ predation). The relative importance of bottom-up and top-down controls is unresolved but likely to vary spatially and temporally and under different environmental conditions such as changing temperature. We surveyed leaf carbon and nitrogen, leaf area loss, and attacks on plasticine caterpillars across a tropical elevational gradient in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Provence, China. We show that predatory foraging activity decreases with elevation and temperature, whereas leaf nutrients and leaf area loss from herbivory remains more or less constant. Predation patterns were driven by ants, which are thermophiles and therefore more active, abundant, and diverse at warmer, lower elevations. Leaf nutritional values are important in driving herbivory patterns as herbivory was stable across this gradient, but other factors such as mechanical defences and herbivore-induced plant volatiles demand further study. Elevational studies provide insight into how ecosystem function will shift under climate change. As increasing temperatures following climate change allows predatory groups like ants to exploit higher elevations, top-down control in high elevation habitats could increase, resulting in re-wiring of these ecologically sensitive communities. At the same time, top-down control at lower elevations may be at risk if critical thermal maxima for natural enemies are exceeded.

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来源期刊
Tropical Ecology
Tropical Ecology ECOLOGY-
CiteScore
3.30
自引率
6.20%
发文量
71
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Tropical Ecology is devoted to all aspects of fundamental and applied ecological research in tropical and sub-tropical ecosystems. Nevertheless, the cutting-edge research in new ecological concepts, methodology and reviews on contemporary themes, not necessarily confined to tropics and sub-tropics, may also be considered for publication at the discretion of the Editor-in-Chief. Areas of current interest include: Biological diversity and its management; Conservation and restoration ecology; Human ecology; Ecological economics; Ecosystem structure and functioning; Ecosystem services; Ecosystem sustainability; Stress and disturbance ecology; Ecology of global change; Ecological modeling; Evolutionary ecology; Quantitative ecology; and Social ecology. The Journal Tropical Ecology features a distinguished editorial board, working on various ecological aspects of tropical and sub-tropical systems from diverse continents. Tropical Ecology publishes: · Original research papers · Short communications · Reviews and Mini-reviews on topical themes · Scientific correspondence · Book Reviews
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