Racial Disparities in Immediate Breast Reconstruction after Mastectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: In the past few decades, there has been a gradual increase in breast reconstruction post mastectomy; however, there exists a conflict about whether race has an influence on reconstruction rates. Methods: We conducted an electronic search from MEDLINE and Cochrane CENTRAL from their inception to September 2022. Primary outcome was disparity in rates of Immediate Breast Reconstruction (IBR) in racial minorities. Odds ratios were pooled using a random-effects model. All statistical analyses were performed on the Review Manager. Quality of included studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklist. Results: Twenty studies ( n = 1 840 671) were identified. The pooled analysis of all the studies showed that subjects in racial minorities were significantly less likely to receive IBR as compared to White subjects (OR = 0.62, [95% confidence interval: 0.57-0.68; P < .01, I2 = 97%]. Subgroup analyses revealed that Asian subjects were the least likely to undergo IBR among different minorities (OR = 0.43). Conclusion: There exists a significant disparity in rates of IBR in different racial minorities as compared to White subjects. Future studies are warranted to assess factors contributing to such disparities in provision of healthcare.