杂草和冷季型草的低丰度可能是建立暖季型草、禁止植物和灌木的必要条件

IF 2.8 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY
Matthew J. Rinella, Susan E. Bellows
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在退化草地上播种的植物往往无法成活。在大平原北部,多年生冷季型禾本科植物最容易成活,它们有时会竞争性地抑制暖季型禾本科植物、灌木和草本植物。以较低的播种率播种冷季型禾本科植物有时会使其他播种植物受益,但却有可能使杂草数量增加。为了确定足够低的禾本科种子播种率,使其他植物能够成活,但又足够高以抑制杂草,我们改变了冷季型禾本科种子播种率,同时保持暖季型禾本科、灌木和草本植物种子播种率固定不变。在播种后的头几个生长季,我们假设其他播种植物和杂草的覆盖率会随着冷季型牧草种子率的增加而降低。在以后的生长季中,我们假设杂草覆盖率将不受草种播种率的影响,因为播种率低的地块中播种植物会增加。这两个假设都不成立。由于杂草丰度较高,暖季型禾本科植物、灌木和草本植物显然经历了类似的激烈竞争,而与播种率无关,因此低播种率并不会增加播种植物的数量。无论播种率如何,冷季型草的覆盖率在第二个生长季和最后一个生长季(即第四个生长季)之间都没有增加,这可能是因为降水量较低的缘故。要增加暖季型草、灌木和禁草的数量,除了降低冷季型草的播种率外,还需要控制杂草。即使采取了这些措施,也不一定能增加草地植被,因为有时在使用除草剂控制杂草变得可行之前,本地植物就已经死亡,草地竞争变得非常重要。在不控制杂草的情况下降低草种播种率,有可能会导致场地长期杂草丛生。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Low weed and cool‐season grass abundances likely necessary for warm‐season grass, forb, and shrub establishment
Plants seeded in degraded grasslands often fail to establish. In the Northern Great Plains, perennial cool‐season grasses are easiest to establish, and they sometimes competitively suppress warm‐season grasses, shrubs, and forbs. Seeding cool‐season grasses at low rates sometimes benefits other seeded plants but risks greater weed abundances. To identify grass seed rates low enough to allow other plants to establish but high enough to constrain weeds, we varied cool‐season grass seed rates while holding warm‐season grass, shrub, and forb seed rates fixed. The first couple growing seasons after seeding, we hypothesized cover of other seeded plants and weeds would decrease with increasing cool‐season grass seed rate. During later growing seasons, we hypothesized weed cover would become independent of grass seed rates due to seeded plants increasing in plots seeded at low rates. Neither hypothesis was supported. Because weed abundances were high, warm‐season grasses, shrubs, and forbs apparently experienced similarly intense competition regardless of grass rate, so low rates did not increase seeded plant establishment. Regardless of seed rate, cool‐season grass cover did not increase between the second and final (i.e. fourth) growing season, perhaps because of low precipitation. Increasing warm‐season grass, shrub, and forb abundances will require controlling weeds in addition to lowering cool‐season grass seed rates. Even these steps will not always increase establishment because native plants sometimes died before controlling weeds with herbicides became feasible and grass competition became important. Lowering grass rates without implementing weed control risks sites becoming weedy for prolonged periods.
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来源期刊
Restoration Ecology
Restoration Ecology 环境科学-生态学
CiteScore
6.50
自引率
15.60%
发文量
226
审稿时长
12-24 weeks
期刊介绍: Restoration Ecology fosters the exchange of ideas among the many disciplines involved with ecological restoration. Addressing global concerns and communicating them to the international research community and restoration practitioners, the journal is at the forefront of a vital new direction in science, ecology, and policy. Original papers describe experimental, observational, and theoretical studies on terrestrial, marine, and freshwater systems, and are considered without taxonomic bias. Contributions span the natural sciences, including ecological and biological aspects, as well as the restoration of soil, air and water when set in an ecological context; and the social sciences, including cultural, philosophical, political, educational, economic and historical aspects. Edited by a distinguished panel, the journal continues to be a major conduit for researchers to publish their findings in the fight to not only halt ecological damage, but also to ultimately reverse it.
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