胎盘在妊娠糖尿病中的作用:分子视角。

TouchREVIEWS in endocrinology Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-14 DOI:10.17925/EE.2024.20.1.5
María José Calvo, Heliana Parra, Raquel Santeliz, Jordan Bautista, Eliana Luzardo, Nelson Villasmil, María Sofía Martínez, Maricamen Chacín, Clímaco Cano, Ana Checa-Ros, Luis D'Marco, Valmore Bermúdez, Juan Bautista De Sanctis
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在怀孕期间,妇女的新陈代谢会发生一些变化,以保证胎儿获得充足的葡萄糖供应。这些新陈代谢的变化形成了所谓的生理性胰岛素抵抗。然而,当这一过程发生改变时,就会出现妊娠糖尿病(GDM)。GDM 是一种多因素疾病,遗传和环境因素在其发病机制中起着至关重要的作用。GDM 与影响胎盘生理的胎盘组织的宏观和分子改变有关。本综述从分子角度总结了胎盘在 GDM 发病中的作用,包括激素和促炎症变化。炎症和激素失衡是 GDM 微环境的主要特征,是导致胎盘大小和血管变化的原因,从而导致母体和胎儿循环失调以及新生儿并发症。总之,由于 GDM 的激素作用机制尚未完全阐明,因此应开展更多的研究,以提高 GDM 患者及其未来子女的生活质量。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The Placental Role in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Molecular Perspective.

During pregnancy, women undergo several metabolic changes to guarantee an adequate supply of glucose to the foetus. These metabolic modifications develop what is known as physiological insulin resistance. When this process is altered, however, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) occurs. GDM is a multifactorial disease, and genetic and environmental factors play a crucial role in its aetiopathogenesis. GDM has been linked to both macroscopic and molecular alterations in placental tissues that affect placental physiology. This review summarizes the role of the placenta in the development of GDM from a molecular perspective, including hormonal and pro-inflammatory changes. Inflammation and hormonal imbalance, the characteristics dominating the GDM microenvironment, are responsible for placental changes in size and vascularity, leading to dysregulation in maternal and foetal circulations and to complications in the newborn. In conclusion, since the hormonal mechanisms operating in GDM have not been fully elucidated, more research should be done to improve the quality of life of patients with GDM and their future children.

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