Vikas Diwakar, Ashwani Sharma, Mohd Zaheer Khan Yusufzai, Meghanshu Vashista
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There is a lower BN response appeared in the duplex SS compared to the cladded material, which gave direct information of the smaller grain size present in the duplex SS. The hysteresis loop characteristics, namely the average permeability, and remanence, showed an inverse relationship with respect to the low-frequency range. However, coercivity is directly proportional to all frequency ranges of the magnetizing waveform, whether it is a sine or triangular wave. The coercivity of the cladded material showed higher than the duplex SS, which is due to having a lower hardness level in the cladded material. Also, a parametric simulation is done to analyze the temperature distribution and heat affected zone (HAZ) at the interface of the deposited material and substrate. The results showed that at the higher value of the laser power, more HAZ appeared; however, as increasing the scanning speed, the HAZ values showed less at the constant value of laser power. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
摘要 直接能量沉积(DED)是一种广泛应用于生产高性能金属部件的制造工艺。该工艺是将熔融金属沉积到基体上,然后迅速凝固形成包覆层。本研究使用 Barkhausen 噪声(BN)分析仪研究了 SS316 的 DED 包覆材料对双相 SS 的影响,并测量了包覆工艺前后的 BN 信号。结果表明,该方法在检测微结构变化、识别缺陷和评估包覆材料的残余应力方面非常有效。当磁化频率和磁场强度增加时,两种情况下的峰值和有效值都呈上升趋势。与包覆材料相比,双相 SS 的 BN 响应较低,这直接表明双相 SS 的晶粒尺寸较小。磁滞回线特性,即平均磁导率和剩磁,与低频范围呈反比关系。然而,矫顽力与磁化波形的所有频率范围都成正比,无论是正弦波还是三角波。包覆材料的矫顽力高于双相 SS,这是因为包覆材料的硬度较低。此外,还进行了参数模拟,以分析沉积材料和基体界面的温度分布和热影响区(HAZ)。结果表明,激光功率值越大,热影响区出现得越多;然而,随着扫描速度的增加,在激光功率值不变的情况下,热影响区的数值会越来越小。这项研究为了解包覆材料及其基底的磁性能提供了宝贵的见解,可用于评估材料质量、硬度和其他机械性能。
Direct Energy Deposited Cladded Material Characterization: Exploring Barkhausen Noise and Thermal Field with Parametric Simulation
Direct energy deposition (DED) is a widely used manufacturing process for the production of high-performance metallic components. The process involves depositing a molten metal onto a substrate, which solidifies rapidly to form a clad layer. In this study, the effect of the DED-cladded material of SS316 on a Duplex SS was investigated using Barkhausen noise (BN) analyzer, and the BN signals was measured before and after the cladding process. The method is demonstrated to be effective in detecting microstructural changes, identifying defects, and evaluating the residual stress of the cladded material. The peak and RMS values of both cases exhibit an upward trend when the magnetizing frequency and magnetic field intensity are increased. There is a lower BN response appeared in the duplex SS compared to the cladded material, which gave direct information of the smaller grain size present in the duplex SS. The hysteresis loop characteristics, namely the average permeability, and remanence, showed an inverse relationship with respect to the low-frequency range. However, coercivity is directly proportional to all frequency ranges of the magnetizing waveform, whether it is a sine or triangular wave. The coercivity of the cladded material showed higher than the duplex SS, which is due to having a lower hardness level in the cladded material. Also, a parametric simulation is done to analyze the temperature distribution and heat affected zone (HAZ) at the interface of the deposited material and substrate. The results showed that at the higher value of the laser power, more HAZ appeared; however, as increasing the scanning speed, the HAZ values showed less at the constant value of laser power. The study provides valuable insights into the magnetic properties of cladded materials and their substrates, which can be used to evaluate material quality, hardness, and other mechanical properties.
期刊介绍:
Russian Journal of Nondestructive Testing, a translation of Defectoskopiya, is a publication of the Russian Academy of Sciences. This publication offers current Russian research on the theory and technology of nondestructive testing of materials and components. It describes laboratory and industrial investigations of devices and instrumentation and provides reviews of new equipment developed for series manufacture. Articles cover all physical methods of nondestructive testing, including magnetic and electrical; ultrasonic; X-ray and Y-ray; capillary; liquid (color luminescence), and radio (for materials of low conductivity).