乔伊斯和狄更斯,尤其是《马丁-丘比特》(Martin Chuzzlewit

IF 0.1 4区 文学 0 LITERATURE, BRITISH ISLES
John Gordon
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引用次数: 0

摘要

乔伊斯的作品经常表现出对查尔斯-狄更斯作品的认识,这一点早已得到认可。乔伊斯本人曾对塞缪尔-贝克特说:"乔伊斯的粉丝也可能是狄更斯的粉丝。在路易斯-贝罗内发现的帕多瓦随笔中,乔伊斯将自己定位为反对当时批评界对狄更斯作品的普遍贬低,他欣赏狄更斯的 "创作激情",尤其是在想象《马丁-丘兹威特》中的甘普夫人这样生动的人物时。他还表现出对狄更斯很少阅读的《意大利的图画》的熟悉,其中有一段与 "Circe "的开头十分相似。本文结合狄更斯的两部自传体小说《大卫-科波菲尔》和《远大前程》,对《艺术家肖像--青年时代》进行了探讨。前者是迄今为止英国文学史上最著名的自传体小说,它的开篇建立了一种叙事模式,即创伤造成后又在记忆中重新审视和思考,这种模式在《肖像》中重复出现,而后者的开篇不是以主人公有据可查的出生("我出生了")开始,而是以他最初的记忆开始,这一点在乔伊斯的书中得到了沿用:"很久很久以前 "并不是一个即将向我们讲述故事的人所说的话,而是一个正在被讲述故事的人所听到的话。出乎意料的是,狄更斯作品中,尤其是在《芬尼根的守灵夜》中表现最为突出的是《马丁-丘比特》。正如 J. S. Atherton 发现的那样,FW I.2,尤其是其中对厄威克出身的讽刺性描述,常常借鉴了那部小说中寒酸贵族人物的语言。FW I.3 中那个充满敌意的美国 "payrodicule "记者,把陷入困境的厄威克当作 "撕裂花园 "中的 "狮子 "来攻击,这与《马丁-丘比特》中的美国演说家如出一辙,后者想要对爱尔兰 "解放者 "丹尼尔-奥康奈尔施以私刑,罪名是支持解放美国奴隶。最令人震惊的是,乔伊斯在《帕多瓦随笔》中特别提到的人物甘普夫人的语言常常预示着《芬尼根的守灵夜》的语言,事实上,她的语言中充满了新词("Prooshious "指 "普鲁士人","widdered "指 "寡妇"),而这些新词日后都会出现在《芬尼根的守灵夜》中。甘普夫人是一位助产士,令人不安地与企业合作,这也预示了一个贯穿乔伊斯作品的主题,从《姐妹们》到《芬尼根斯的守灵夜》中的洗衣妇,包括《普罗提乌斯》中的 "Frauenzimmer",她们带着 "甘普 "伞和(假定的)助产士包,包里装着 "用红润的羊毛掩盖的......小产"。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Joyce and Dickens, Especially Martin Chuzzlewit

That Joyce's work frequently shows an awareness of Charles Dickens's has long been recognized. Joyce himself told Samuel Beckett that "a Joyce fan could also be a Dickens fan." In the Padua essays discovered by Louis Berrone, Joyce positioned himself in opposition to what was then the widespread critical disparagement of Dickens's work, admiring his "creative fury," especially in imagining such vivid characters as the Mrs. Gamp of Martin Chuzzlewit. He also showed a familiarity with Dickens's seldom-read Pictures From Italy, which includes a passage notably similar to the opening of "Circe." This essay considers A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man in light of Dickens's two autobiographical novels, David Copperfield and Great Expectations. It proposes that the opening chapters of the former, at the time by far the best-known kunstleroman in English literature, established a narrative pattern of traumas inflicted and then revisited and reconsidered in memory, repeated in A Portrait, and that the latter, in beginning not with the protagonist's documented birth ("I Am Born") but with his first memories, is followed in Joyce's book: "Once upon a time" turns out to be not the words of someone about to tell us a story but the words heard by someone being told a story. Rather unexpectedly, the Dickens work most in evidence, particularly in Finnegans Wake, is Martin Chuzzlewit. As J. S. Atherton found, FW I.2, especially in its sarcastic account of Earwicker's origins, often draws on the language of that novel's shabby-genteel characters. The hostile American "payrodicule" reporter of FW I.3, assaulting the embattled HCE as a "lion" in his "teargarten," echoes the American orator of Martin Chuzzlewit who wants to lynch the Irish "Liberator" Daniel O'Connell for the crime of supporting the liberation of America's slaves. Most strikingly, the language of Mrs. Gamp, the character singled out in Joyce's Padua essay, which often anticipates the language of Finnegans Wake, is, in fact, loaded with neologisms ("Prooshious" for "Prussian," "widdered" for "widowed") that will later show up in that book. As a midwife disquietingly in partnership with the undertaking business, Mrs. Gamp also forecasts a theme which will run through Joyce's work, from "The Sisters" to the washerwomen of Finnegans Wake, including the "Frauenzimmer" of "Proteus," with their "gamp" umbrella and their (supposed) midwife's bag holding a "misbirth … hushed in ruddy wool."

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来源期刊
JAMES JOYCE QUARTERLY
JAMES JOYCE QUARTERLY LITERATURE, BRITISH ISLES-
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期刊介绍: Founded in 1963 at the University of Tulsa by Thomas F. Staley, the James Joyce Quarterly has been the flagship journal of international Joyce studies ever since. In each issue, the JJQ brings together a wide array of critical and theoretical work focusing on the life, writing, and reception of James Joyce. We encourage submissions of all types, welcoming archival, historical, biographical, and critical research. Each issue of the JJQ provides a selection of peer-reviewed essays representing the very best in contemporary Joyce scholarship. In addition, the journal publishes notes, reviews, letters, a comprehensive checklist of recent Joyce-related publications, and the editor"s "Raising the Wind" comments.
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