采用节约资源的土壤处理技术对春小麦作物进行杂草污染处理

Vladimir Ivchenko, V. Polosina, Olga Beketova, Alexander Vasiliev
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摘要

研究目的:在五块地的谷物与耕地轮作中,研究主要耕作制度对绿肥休耕的春小麦作物杂草侵染的影响。目标:研究春小麦作物的杂草侵染情况;确定除草剂的使用效果;确定春小麦的粮食产量。研究于 2017-2022 年在克拉斯诺亚尔斯克森林草原条件下的沥滤 Chernozem 上进行,其特点是腐殖质含量增加(6.1-8.0%)和土壤溶液呈中性反应(pH 值 - 6.1-7.0)。研究对象是新西伯利亚 15 号春小麦品种。研究结果表明,在所研究的变种中,大部分杂草是由一群幼苗组成的。不同的耕作制度影响杂草的数量和种类组成。当土壤耕作最小化时,杂草的数量会增加,其种类组成也会发生变化。在所研究的耕作方案下,春小麦作物中最多的杂草群是幼苗。春小麦作物中最常见的杂草种类是匍匐茎(Galium aparine L.)和稗(Echinochloa crusgalli (L.))。在有耕作的变种中,它们在杂草总数中所占的比例为 71.4%,在无耕作的变种中为 81.4%。在研究期间,不耕作方案中多年生和幼年杂草生物组的比例发生了重大变化。与 2017 年相比,2022 年的幼年杂草所占比例从 93.1% 降至 58.8%,而多年生杂草的数量则从 6.9% 增至 41.2%。在研究期间(2017-2022 年),杂草的物种组成发生了变化。在不耕作的方案中,2017 年不存在的黄播蓟、药用蒲公英、铁线莲和小花瓣等物种出现在春小麦作物中。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Weed contamination of spring wheat crops with the application of resource-saving soil treatment technologies
The purpose of research is to study the influence of primary tillage systems on the weed infestation of spring wheat crops placed on green manure fallow in a five-field grain-fallow crop rotation. Objectives: to study the weed infestation of spring wheat crops; to establish the effectiveness of herbicide use; to determine the grain yield of spring wheat. The study was carried out in 2017–2022 in the conditions of the Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe on leached chernozem, which is characterized by an increased humus content (6.1–8.0 %) and a neutral reaction of the soil solution (pH – 6.1–7.0). The object of the study is spring wheat of the Novosibirskaya 15 variety. The research results showed that the bulk of weeds in the studied variants are represented by a group of young plants. Different tillage systems influenced the quantitative and species composition of weeds. When soil tillage is minimized, the number of weeds increases and their species composition changes. In spring wheat crops under the studied tillage options, the most numerous group of weeds were young ones. The most common species found in spring wheat crops were bedstraw (Galium aparine L.) and millet (Echinochloa crusgalli (L.). Their share in the total number of weeds in the variant with plowing was 71.4 %, without tillage – 81.4 %. There was a significant change in the share of biological groups of young and perennial weeds in the option without tillage during the study period. The share of young weeds in 2022 decreased compared to 2017 from 93.1 to 58.8 %, while the number of perennial weeds increased from 6.9 to 41.2 %.Over the years of the study (2017–2022), a change in the species composition of weeds was established. In the option without tillage, such species as yellow sow thistle, medicinal dandelion, hemlock, and small petal, which were absent in 2017, appear in spring wheat crops.
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