印度在儿童早期发展方面的计划和法律准备情况

Prasanth Subrahmanian, Shilpa Singh, Ashutosh Kothari
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摘要

儿童早期发展(ECD)是指从受孕到 6 至 8 岁这一时期的快速和关键发展。在此期间,儿童在身体、认知、语言和社会情感等所有发展领域都会经历重要的成长和变化。影响幼儿发展的因素有很多,包括遗传、环境和健康。这为投资幼儿发展和为国家繁荣、公平的未来奠定基础提供了独特的机遇。本次审查审视了印度在推进幼儿发展议程方面的计划和法律准备情况。为实现这一目标,我们对法律和计划进行了审查。除案头审查外,还对中央和各邦负责儿童保健的计划官员进行了访谈。根据国家卫生政策和其他政策以及若干法规的行动指示,中央政府在《印度宪法》规定的总体框架内,在各部委下启动了各种方案和计划。印度有 5 项政策、15 项法规/法案/法律和近 40 项与儿童有关的政府计划和方案。这些活动主要通过妇女和儿童发展部、卫生和家庭福利部、教育部、饮用水和卫生部以及部落事务部进行协调。尽管做出了这些努力,但幼儿发展服务的供需之间仍存在巨大差距。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Programmatic and Legal Preparedness of India on Early Childhood Development
Early childhood development (ECD) is the period of rapid and critical development that occurs from conception upto 6 to 8 years of age. During this time, children experience significant growth and changes in all areas of development, including physical, cognitive, linguistic and socio - emotional. A variety of factors can influence ECD, including genetics, environment and health. This presents a unique opportunity to invest in ECD and build a foundation for a prosperous and equitable future for the country. This review looked at the programmatic and legal preparedness of India in taking forward the agenda of ECD. A review of the laws and programs was undertaken to discern this objective. Besides desk review, interviews were conducted with programme officers handling child health at the central and state levels. Based on the direction for action given by the national health and other policies and several statutes, the central government has launched various programmes and schemes under various ministries within the overarching framework provided by the Constitution of India. There are 5 policies, 15 statutes/acts/laws and nearly 40 government schemes and programmes relating to children in India. The activities are majorly coordinated through Ministries of Woman and Child Development, Health and Family Welfare, Ministry of Education, Drinking Water and Sanitation and Tribal Affairs. Despite these efforts, there is still a significant gap between the demand and supply for ECD services.
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