比较冰外冲刺-变向任务对大学生冰球运动员躯干运动学和步态侧向性的影响

Stuart Evans, Sam Gleadhill
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摘要

侧位偏好在大多数体育活动中都是固有的,而冰上曲棍球则是这些偏好可能影响成绩的领域之一。优势肢体和非优势肢体(或首选肢体和非首选肢体)之间的生物力学侧向性被认为是一种与技术表现相关的优势属性。然而,在动态、时间受限、以团队为基础的非冰上环境活动中,运动不对称对熟练运动员的影响却鲜为人知。如果考虑到运动员的位置,尤其是防守型或进攻型位置的运动员,则可以将这种不对称延伸到其他方面。在这项研究中,14 名半职业大学男子冰上曲棍球运动员(年龄:21.87 ± 2.98 岁;体重指数:25.26 ± 3.21 kg/m)进行了一项随机重复的 15 米冲刺-变向任务。当参与者以右脚和左脚后退姿势开始 15 米冲刺变向任务时,对下肢侧向性进行了评估。右脚和左脚后退位置之间的生物力学侧向性是通过 ActiGraph GTx3 三轴加速度计推断出来的,该加速度计位于参与者的棘突上,代表躯干的质心(CoM)。总体而言,方差分析结果表明,在所有冲刺分段时间中,右脚和左脚后退位置之间存在显著差异,以右脚后退位置开始的时间明显更快(p < 0.001)。方差分析显示,右脚后退和左脚后退时的躯干CoM加速度存在显著差异,特别是在最初的0-10米冲刺分段中,进攻型球员的躯干前后和垂直CoM加速度较小(p = 0.05),在最后的5米冲刺分段中也较小(p = 0.002,d = 0.7),尽管左脚后退时的总体效应较小。由此看来,以右脚后撤姿势起跑可加快 15 米成绩时间,同时降低躯干 CoM 加速幅度。虽然我们证明进攻型球员的速度更快,躯干CoM加速度也更小,但我们建议今后的研究在这些动作测试中使用更多的参与者来进行肢体间对称性测试。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Comparing the Effects of an Off-Ice Sprint-Change of Direction Task on Trunk Kinematics and Gait Laterality in Collegiate Ice Hockey Players
Laterality preferences are intrinsic in most physical activities, and ice hockey is one domain wherein these preferences might influence performance. Biomechanical laterality between dominant and nondominant (or preferred and nonpreferred) limbs is believed to be an advantageous attribute that is linked with skilled performance. Yet little is known about the implications of motor asymmetries for skilled performers in dynamic, time-constrained, team-based activities in an off-ice environment. This can be extended to when player position is considered, notably for those playing in a defensive or an offensive position. In this study, fourteen semi-professional collegiate male ice hockey players (age: 21.87 ± 2.98 years; BMI: 25.26 ± 3.21 kg/m) performed a randomized repeated 15 m sprint-change of direction task. Assessments of lower limb laterality were carried out as participants commenced the 15 m sprint change of direction task in both a right and left foot rear setback position. Biomechanical laterality between right and left rear foot setback positions was inferred by an ActiGraph GTx3 triaxial accelerometer that was located on the participants’ spinous process, representing the trunk centre of mass (CoM). Overall, ANOVA results indicated significant differences across all sprint split times between the right and left foot rear setback positions, with times significantly quicker when players commenced in a right rear foot setback position (p < 0.001). ANOVA revealed significant differences in trunk CoM acceleration between in a right and left rear setback position, specifically during the initial 0–10 m sprint split, with offensive players observed to have lesser trunk anteroposterior and vertical CoM acceleration (p = 0.05) and during the final 5 m sprint split (p = 0.002, d = 0.7), despite overall smaller effect sizes seen in the left foot rear setback position. It appears that starting with the foot in a right rear setback position results in quicker 15 m performance times and concurrent lower magnitudes of trunk CoM acceleration. Although we demonstrated that offensive players were quicker and displayed less trunk CoM acceleration, we recommend that future studies use a greater number of participants for inter-limb symmetry in these movement tests.
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