商业、劳动与幸福:亚当-斯密《穷人的儿子》的存在论解读

M. Rathbone
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摘要

本文强调了对亚当-斯密的《穷人的儿子》叙事进行存在论解读的哲学贡献,该叙事开启了跨学科研究主题。亚当-斯密《道德情操论》[1759] 中的叙述涉及商业社会中的劳动与幸福问题,这是当代有意义的劳动研究中的一个重要课题。这一领域的主要研究对象是劳动的个人价值或道德价值,一旦出现道德困境,可能会导致个人与工作场所的冲突。最近的研究提倡存在主义,强调工作场所有意义劳动的真实性。问题在于,其中一些研究限制了员工对工作场所政策和其他事件的接受意义,导致了表层和深层存在主义之间的二元对立。我将论证,对《穷人的儿子》叙事的存在主义解读有助于跨学科研究,通过倡导劳动与幸福的综合理论,推进商业研究,特别是存在主义意义劳动研究。让-保罗-萨特(Jean-Paul Sartre)关于苦恼、真实性、自由和事实性的见解挑战了 "儿子的劳动因其晚年所经历的苦难而毫无意义 "的假设,支持这样一种观点,即儿子的选择是其选择自由和真实性的体现,而不是由环境决定的,这为有意义劳动的整合理论提供了重要见解,该理论将本体论自由的苦恼、作为自由之源的意识和事实性作为通往满足的道路上需要克服的障碍置于优先地位:这篇文章是哲学与商业之间的一个交叉点,通过推广存在主义的见解来解读亚当-斯密《道德情操论》中的 "穷人的儿子",从而为有意义的劳动和幸福的综合理论提供启示。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Commerce, labour and happiness: An Existential reading of Adam Smith’s ‘The poor man’s son’
This article highlights the philosophical contribution of an existential reading of Adam Smith’s narrative of ‘The poor man’s son’ that opens transdisciplinary research themes. The narrative in Adam Smith’s The Theory of Moral Sentiments [1759] deals with the issue of labour and happiness in commercial society, an important contemporary topic in meaningful labour research. This field is dominated by research on labour’s personal or moral value, which may lead to personal and workplace conflicts in case of ethical dilemmas. Recent research advocates existentialism, underscoring authenticity in workplace meaningful labour. The problem is that some of these studies limit meaning of employees’ reception of workplace policies and other events, resulting in a dualism between surface and deep existentialism. I will argue that an existential reading of the narrative ‘The poor man’s son’ contributes to transdisciplinary research by advancing research in commerce, specifically existential meaningful labour, by advocating an integrative theory of labour and happiness. The insights from Jean-Paul Sartre concerning anguish, authenticity, freedom, and facticity challenge the assumption that the son’s labour was meaningless because of the misery he experienced during old age, supporting a view that his choices were an expression of his freedom of choice and authenticity, and not determined by circumstances that provide important insights for an integrative theory of meaningful labour that prioritises the anguish of ontological freedom, consciousness as the source of freedom and facticity as hurdles to be surmounted on the path to fulfilment.Transdisciplinary contribution: The article is an intersection between philosophy and commerce by promoting insights from existentialism to read ‘The poor man’s son’ in Adam Smith’s The Theory of Moral Sentiments, providing insights for an integrative theory of meaningful labour and happiness.
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