利用机会成本法衡量塞尔维亚农场的经济可行性

Aleksandar Miljatović, V. Vukoje
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摘要

本文旨在根据 2021 年塞尔维亚农场会计数据网络获得的数据,观察和评估塞尔维亚从事不同类型农业的农场的经济可行性。农场经济可行性的评估使用了农业主要生产要素(即劳动力、土地和资本)的机会成本。在专门从事牛奶生产和放牧的畜牧农场中,无偿劳动的比例最高。专门从事常年作物和园艺种植的农场拥有最大份额的自有利用农田,这代表了一种非常密集型的耕作方式,通常在小块土地上进行。经济上可行的农场中,大田作物耕作系统所占比例最高,其次是园艺和永久性作物。在有经济效益的农场中,大田作物农场占主导地位,其短期和长期经济效益系数最大,并随农场经济规模的扩大而增加。一般来说,从事植物生产的农场比畜牧农场(不包括食草动物农场)的经济可行性要高得多。最濒危的是专门从事放牧的农场,其不具经济可行性的比例最大,经济可行性系数最低。在这些农场中,有相当多的农场缺乏从事农业的经济理由。然而,停止农业生产对它们来说未必是最好的解决办法,尤其是偏远农村地区的农场由年长和低技能的农民管理。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Measuring the Economic Viability of Farms in Serbia using the Opportunity Cost Approach
The purpose of this paper is to observe and evaluate the economic viability of Serbian farms engaged in different types of farming on the basis of data obtained from the Serbian Farm Accountancy Data Network of 2021. Farm economic viability was assessed using the opportunity costs of the main factors of production in agriculture (namely labour, land, and capital). The share of unpaid labour was found highest in the livestock farms specialising in milk production and grazing livestock. The farms specialising in permanent crops and horticulture had the largest share of their own utilized agricultural land, representing a very intensive type of farming usually organized on small acreages. The highest share of economically viable farms was recorded in the field crop farming system, followed by horticulture and permanent crops. In the viable group, the field crop farms were dominant with the largest coefficients of short- and long-term viability, which increased with the economic size of the farm. In general, the farms engaged in plant production exhibited much higher economic viability levels than the livestock farms (excluding the granivore farms). The most endangered were the farms specialising in grazing livestock, with the largest proportion of non-viable farms and the lowest coefficients of economic viability. A notable number of these farms lack economic justification for agriculture. However, ceasing agricultural production may not be the best solution for them, particularly as farms in remote rural areas are managed by elderly and low-skilled farmers.
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