36 种除草剂对绿藻的毒性评估:作用方式和化学家族的影响

Simeng Li, Hailey Mcintyre
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摘要

广泛使用的除草剂会对水生生态系统造成意外污染。本研究深入研究了 36 种除草剂对绿藻的相对毒性,探讨了 11 种不同的作用模式和 25 种化学结构类别。通过 72 小时的藻类生长抑制试验发现,针对乙酰乳酸合成酶(ALS)、光系统 II(PSII 抑制剂)、微管组装、超长链脂肪酸(VLCFA)合成和脂质合成的除草剂具有较高毒性,72 小时 EC50(半最大有效浓度)值从 0.003 毫克/升到 24.6 毫克/升不等。其他类型的杀虫剂表现出中等至低毒性,EC50 值从 0.59 毫克/升到 143 毫克/升不等。有趣的是,作用方式相同但化学成分不同的除草剂显示出明显不同的毒性。例如,五氟磺草胺和吡唑醚菌酯都是 ALS 抑制剂,但毒性水平却截然不同。同样,同为 PSII 抑制剂的特丁净和苯达松也表现出不同的毒性。值得注意的是,与用于陆生植物的除草剂相比,被批准用于水稻种植的除草剂对绿藻的毒性较低。这些数据为评估这些化学品对水生生物造成的潜在风险提供了宝贵的见解。此外,为防止或尽量减少除草剂的残留影响,对现代管理方法进行了审查,以提供实用指导。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Toxicity Assessment of 36 Herbicides to Green Algae: Effects of Mode of Action and Chemical Family
Aquatic ecosystems can suffer inadvertent contamination from widely used herbicides. This study delves into the relative toxicity of 36 herbicides on green algae, exploring 11 distinct modes of action and 25 chemical structure classes. Through a 72-h algal growth inhibition test, it was found that herbicides targeting acetolactate synthase (ALS), photosystem II (PSII inhibitors), microtubule assembly, very-long-chain fatty acid (VLCFA) synthesis, and lipid synthesis exhibited high toxicity, with 72-h EC50 (half-maximal effective concentration) values ranging from 0.003 mg/L to 24.6 mg/L. Other pesticide types showed moderate to low toxicity, with EC50 values ranging from 0.59 mg/L to 143 mg/L. Interestingly, herbicides sharing the same mode of action but differing in chemical composition displayed significantly varied toxicity. For instance, penoxsulam and pyribenzoxim, both ALS inhibitors, demonstrated distinct toxicity levels. Similarly, terbuthylazine and bentazone, both PSII inhibitors, also exhibited differing toxicities. Notably, herbicides approved for rice cultivation showed lower toxicity to green algae compared to those intended for terrestrial plants. These data offer valuable insights for assessing the potential risks posed by these chemicals to aquatic organisms. Additionally, to prevent or minimize herbicide residual effects, modern management practices were reviewed to offer practical guidance.
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