网箱水产养殖及其附近非水产养殖环境中微生物群落组成和功能的元基因组对比分析

Zetian Liu, Pandeng Wang, Jialing Li, Xiaoqing Luo, Ya Zhang, Xiaohong Huang, Xin Zhang, Wenjun Li, Qiwei Qin
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摘要

在全球水产养殖业蓬勃发展的背景下,其对环境的影响,尤其是对海洋生态系统的影响,已引起人们的高度重视。网箱养殖作为一种突出的养殖方式,已被观察到通过排放大量有机物和污染物对海洋环境产生了重大影响。这也是造成水体富营养化的重要原因之一。本研究利用元基因组学研究了网箱养殖对微生物多样性和功能潜力的影响。具体而言,本研究比较了陵水新村港三个石斑鱼养殖网箱与附近三个非养殖区表层水域的理化指标和微生物多样性。我们发现,与非养殖区相比,养殖环境中的富营养化指标明显升高,养殖环境中的弧菌和假交替单胞菌的丰度明显升高。此外,还发现与碳、氮、硫代谢相关的微生物功能基因也受到水产养殖活动的显著影响。微生物种群与环境因素的相关性分析表明,大多数微生物类群的丰度与溶解性无机氮、可溶性活性磷、NH4+ 呈正相关,而与溶解氧呈负相关。总之,本研究阐明了水产养殖引起的富营养化对浮游细菌群落多样性和功能的显著影响。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Comparative metagenomic analysis of microbial community compositions and functions in cage aquaculture and its nearby non-aquaculture environments
In the context of burgeoning global aquaculture, its environmental repercussions, particularly in marine ecosystems, have gained significant attentions. Cage aquaculture, a prominent method, has been observed to significantly influence marine environments by discharging substantial amounts of organic materials and pollutants. It is also one of the important reasons for water eutrophication. This study investigated the impacts of cage aquaculture on microbial diversity and functional potential using metagenomics. Specifically, a comparison was made of the physicochemical indicators and microbial diversity between three grouper aquaculture cage nets in Lingshui Xincun Port and three nearby non-aquaculture area surface waters. We found that compared to non-aquaculture areas, the eutrophication indicators in aquaculture environments significantly increased, and the abundances of Vibrio and Pseudoalteromonas in aquaculture environments significantly rose. Additionally, microbial functional genes related to carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur metabolisms were also found to be significantly affected by aquaculture activities. The correlation analysis between microbial populations and environmental factors revealed that the abundances of most microbial taxa showed positive correlations with dissolved inorganic nitrogen, soluble reactive phosphorus, NH4+, and negative correlations with dissolved oxygen. Overall, this study elucidated the significant impacts of aquaculture-induced eutrophication on the diversity and functions of planktonic bacterial communities.
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