Climatic Variations and Challenges to Socio-economic Development amongst Mbororo Communities in Mbum Plateau, North West Region of Cameroon

This study sets out to investigate the challenges hindering Mbororo sources of livelihood in Mbum Plateau, North West Region of Cameroon. Explanatory research was used where it specify the nature and direction of the relationships between the studied variables. The study used mixed methods of qualitative and quantitative approaches. The study employed the primary and secondary data sources to bring out realistic results. Rainfall Seasonality Index (SI) and Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) were employed to assess the vulnerability of the agro-hydrological system to climate variation. The major primary data sources used were field survey, interviews and questionnaires. A total of 200 questionnaires were distributed using stratified random and snow ball sampling techniques. The data obtained was complemented by secondary sources from published and unpublished materials. Data collected during the field survey were analyzed through two statistical techniques. The qualitative data obtained was analyzed through the content analysis whereas themes and codes were given to the different opinions and perceptions of the informants and their frequencies and percentages were being determined from there. Data were presented in tables, charts, maps, and graphs with some attempted interpretations. Data were analyzed using the chi-square and multiple regression models. The findings revealed that climate variability, dwindling pasture and low streams discharge are having negative effects on Mbororo communities. It was observed from satellite images that, land use over the years has been changing with reducing aerial extent and quality of pasture, reducing water points in Mbum Plateau. In order to adapt the decreasing cattle numbers on the side of the Mborroro, they have taken farming, diving, hawking arm rubbery, and schooling as new livelihoods sustenance. The study recommends a sustainable pastoral activity by encouraging the introduction of drought resistant cattle species, Bracharia and Guatemala grass to supplement the natural pasture. MINEPAI should regularly control herd size so as to ensure ecosystem balance and avoid overgrazing. Transhumance tracts and areas should be well demarcated to avoid frequent farmer-grazers’ conflicts and frequent cattle theft observed in the region.