利用乳品废水生产生物柴油和生物润滑剂的微生物生物技术

Grazia Federica Bencresciuto, Claudio Mandalà, Carmela Anna Migliori, L. Giansante, Luciana Di Giacinto, Laura Bardi
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摘要

从化石燃料转向可再生能源对于应对环境挑战至关重要。植物油一直是生物柴油和生物润滑油生产的主要潜在来源。然而,由于其脂肪酸(FA)成分,植物油具有氧化稳定性低和粘度变化大的特点。来自含油微生物的单细胞油(SCOs)是植物油的一种可能替代品:它们的成分更合适,而且可以通过控制发酵的生理条件来进一步改善。本研究评估了星状唇霉菌在可控温度下发酵生产具有目标技术特性的 SCOs 的情况。为了提高发酵过程的经济可持续性,本研究使用乳制品废水(scotta)作为发酵基质。在两个不同温度(25 °C和30 °C)的发酵罐中进行了批量好氧发酵。分析了发酵产率和 SCO FA 曲线。在 30 °C 下进行的发酵获得了最高的生物量(9.76 克/升-1)和微生物油(1.83 克/升-1)。此外,与 25 °C 相比,30 °C 下检测到的不饱和脂肪酸含量明显较低(46% 对 55%),短链饱和脂肪酸含量较高(11% 对 1.5%),其中肉豆蔻酸几乎与硬脂酸相当。过氧化值也非常低(30 °C 时为 0.14 meq O2 kg-1,25 °C 时为 0 meq O2 kg-1)。这些结果表明,这些 SCOs 具有很强的抗氧化性,较高的发酵温度可提高其氧化稳定性和摩擦物理特性。根据 FA 成分计算出的生物柴油技术特性符合美国标准和欧盟规定。因此,通过在可控温度下对乳制品废水进行发酵而从 L. starkeyi 生产出的 SCOs 可被视为生产生物柴油和生物润滑油的植物油的合适替代品。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Microbial Biotechnologies to Produce Biodiesel and Biolubricants from Dairy Effluents
The shift from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources is crucial in addressing environmental challenges. Vegetable oils have been focused on as the main potential source for biodiesel and biolubricant production. However, due to their fatty acid (FA) composition they are characterized by low stability to oxidation and variable viscosity. Single-cell oils (SCOs) from oleaginous microorganisms are a possible alternative to vegetable oils: their composition is more suitable, and it can further be improved by controlling the fermentation’s physiological conditions. In the present study, the production of SCOs with targeted technological properties from Lipomyces starkeyi in fermentation under controlled temperatures was assessed. A dairy effluent (scotta) was used as the fermentation substrate to improve the economic sustainability of the process. Batch aerobic fermentations were carried out in a fermenter at two different temperatures (25 °C and 30 °C). The fermentation yields and SCO FA profiles were analyzed. The highest yields of biomass (9.76 g L−1) and microbial oil (1.83 g L−1) were obtained from fermentations carried out at 30 °C. Furthermore, a significantly lower content (46% vs. 55%) of unsaturated FAs and higher content (11% vs. 1.5%) of shorter-chain saturated FAs, with myristic acid almost matching stearic acid, were detected at 30 °C in comparison to 25 °C. Very low peroxide values were also found (0.14 meq O2 kg−1 at 30 °C and 0 meq O2 kg−1 at 25 °C). These results indicate that these SCOs were highly oxidation-resistant, and that a higher fermentation temperature improves their oxidative stability and tribophysical features. The biodiesels’ technological properties, calculated from the FA composition, were within the limits of both U.S. standards and E.U. regulations. Then, SCOs produced from L. starkeyi by fermentation of dairy effluents carried out under controlled temperature can be considered a suitable alternative to vegetable oils to produce biodiesel and biolubricants.
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