Alessia Ricci , Eleonora Rubino , Gian Pietro Serra , Åsa Wallén-Mackenzie
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Side-effects have been reported, and not all DBS-treated individuals are relieved of their symptoms.</p><p>One major target area for DBS electrodes is the subthalamic nucleus (STN) which plays important roles in motor, affective and associative functions, with impact on for example movement, motivation, impulsivity, compulsivity, as well as both reward and aversion. The multifunctionality of the STN is complex. Decoding the anatomical-functional organization of the STN could enhance strategic targeting in human patients. The STN is located in close proximity to zona incerta (ZI) and the <em>para</em>-subthalamic nucleus (pSTN). Together, the STN, pSTN and ZI form a highly heterogeneous and clinically important brain area.</p><p>Rodent-based experimental studies, including opto- and chemogenetics as well as viral-genetic tract tracings, provide unique insight into complex neuronal circuitries and their impact on behavior with high spatial and temporal precision. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
深部脑刺激(DBS)等神经调控技术正逐渐成为几种神经和神经精神疾病的临床干预手段,包括帕金森病、肌张力障碍、震颤症和强迫症(OCD)。图雷特综合征和吸毒成瘾是另外两种正在试用或建议使用 DBS 治疗的疾病。然而,仍有一些主要障碍阻碍着这种干预措施充分发挥其治疗潜力。副作用已有报道,而且并非所有接受 DBS 治疗的人都能缓解症状。DBS电极的一个主要靶区是丘脑下核(STN),它在运动、情感和联想功能方面发挥着重要作用,对运动、动机、冲动、强迫以及奖赏和厌恶等都有影响。STN 的多功能性非常复杂。解码 STN 的解剖功能组织可以提高人类患者的战略目标定位能力。STN 紧邻脑内区(zona incerta,ZI)和副丘脑核(para-subthalamic nucleus,pSTN)。STN、pSTN 和 ZI 共同构成了一个高度异质且具有重要临床意义的脑区。以啮齿类动物为基础的实验研究,包括光遗传学、化学遗传学以及病毒遗传束追踪,为我们提供了独特的视角,让我们可以在高空间和时间精度上了解复杂的神经元回路及其对行为的影响。在过去几年中,这一研究领域取得了巨大进步。在此,我们将对临床前研究领域的最新文献进行全面综述,这些文献以实验室小鼠和大鼠的 STN、pSTN 和 ZI 为中心;这三种高度异质且神秘的结构在治疗策略方面具有相关性。特别强调了操纵方法和行为影响。
Concerning neuromodulation as treatment of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorder: Insights gained from selective targeting of the subthalamic nucleus, para-subthalamic nucleus and zona incerta in rodents
Neuromodulation such as deep brain stimulation (DBS) is advancing as a clinical intervention in several neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders, including Parkinson's disease, dystonia, tremor, and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) for which DBS is already applied to alleviate severely afflicted individuals of symptoms. Tourette syndrome and drug addiction are two additional disorders for which DBS is in trial or proposed as treatment. However, some major remaining obstacles prevent this intervention from reaching its full therapeutic potential. Side-effects have been reported, and not all DBS-treated individuals are relieved of their symptoms.
One major target area for DBS electrodes is the subthalamic nucleus (STN) which plays important roles in motor, affective and associative functions, with impact on for example movement, motivation, impulsivity, compulsivity, as well as both reward and aversion. The multifunctionality of the STN is complex. Decoding the anatomical-functional organization of the STN could enhance strategic targeting in human patients. The STN is located in close proximity to zona incerta (ZI) and the para-subthalamic nucleus (pSTN). Together, the STN, pSTN and ZI form a highly heterogeneous and clinically important brain area.
Rodent-based experimental studies, including opto- and chemogenetics as well as viral-genetic tract tracings, provide unique insight into complex neuronal circuitries and their impact on behavior with high spatial and temporal precision. This research field has advanced tremendously over the past few years. Here, we provide an inclusive review of current literature in the pre-clinical research fields centered around STN, pSTN and ZI in laboratory mice and rats; the three highly heterogeneous and enigmatic structures brought together in the context of relevance for treatment strategies. Specific emphasis is placed on methods of manipulation and behavioral impact.
期刊介绍:
Neuropharmacology publishes high quality, original research and review articles within the discipline of neuroscience, especially articles with a neuropharmacological component. However, papers within any area of neuroscience will be considered. The journal does not usually accept clinical research, although preclinical neuropharmacological studies in humans may be considered. The journal only considers submissions in which the chemical structures and compositions of experimental agents are readily available in the literature or disclosed by the authors in the submitted manuscript. Only in exceptional circumstances will natural products be considered, and then only if the preparation is well defined by scientific means. Neuropharmacology publishes articles of any length (original research and reviews).